Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/tögükse

This Proto-Tungusic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Tungusic

Etymology

From *tögü- +‎ *-k-se. Possibly related to *töge (“winter”), alluding to the winters as "cloudy".

Noun

*tögükse

cloud
rain cloud; dark, heavy cloud

Declension

Declension of *tögükse

	Singular
Nominative	*tögükse
Accusative	*tögüksebe
Genitive	*tögükseŋī
Dative	*tögüksedüe
Locative	*tögükselē
Ablative	*tögüksediki
Prolative	*tögükseli
Elative	*tögüksegiʒi
Instrumental	*tögükseʒi
Delative	*tögükselēki
Directive	*tögüksetiki
Comitative	*tögüksegili

Descendants

Jurchenic:
- Jurchen: 禿吉 (tugi /⁠tu-gi⁠/)
  - Manchu: ᡨᡠ᠋ᡤᡳ (tugi)
Tungusic:
- Northern Tungusic:
  - Even: төгэ̄чин (tögə̄cin)
  - Evenki: тӯксу (tūksu)
  - Negidal: токсо (tokso)
  - Oroqen: tukʃu
  - Solon: tukču
- Southern Tungusic:
  - Central:
    - Oroch: токсо (tokso)
    - Udihe: токио (tokio)
  - South-Eastern:
    - Nanai: тэвэксэ (tewekse)
    - Orok: тэвэскэ (təvəskə)
    - Ulch: тэвэксэ (tewekse)

References

Benzing, Johannes (1955) Die tungusischen Sprachen. Versuch einer vergleichenden Grammatik (Abhandlungen der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse; 11) (in German), Wiesbaden: Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz in Kommission bei Franz Steiner Verlag, page 30
Cincius, V. I. (1977) Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков [Comparative Dictionary of Tungus-Manchu Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Leningrad: Nauka, pages 208-209
Kane, Daniel (1989) The Sino-Jurchen Vocabulary of the Bureau of Interpreters (Uralic and Altaic Series; vol. 153), Bloomington, Indiana: Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University, →ISBN, page 134.