Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/tamna

This Proto-Tungusic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Tungusic

Alternative reconstructions

*talma (per Benzing)

Etymology

A zero-derivation of *tamna- (“to spread (of fog)”)

Noun

*tamna

fog

Declension

Declension of *tamna

	Singular
Nominative	*tamna
Accusative	*tamnaba
Genitive	*tamnaŋī
Dative	*tamnadua
Locative	*tamnalā
Ablative	*tamnadiki
Prolative	*tamnali
Elative	*tamnagiʒi
Instrumental	*tamnaʒi
Delative	*tamnalāki
Directive	*tamnatiki
Comitative	*tamnagili

Descendants

Jurchenic:
- Jurchen: 塔皃麻吉 (talman /⁠ta-r-ma-gi⁠/)
  - Manchu: ᡨᠠᠯᠮᠠᠨ (talman)
Tungusic:
- Northern Tungusic:
  - Even: танма̄рӣ (tanmārī)
  - Evenki: тамнакса (tamnaksa)
  - Negidal: тамнакса (tamnaksa)
  - Oroqen: tamna
  - Solon: tamna
- Southern Tungusic:
  - Central:
    - Oroch: тамна (tamna)
    - Udihe: тамня (tamńa)
  - South-Eastern:
    - Nanai: тамна (tamna), тамня (tamnja)
    - Orok: тамна (tamna)
    - Ulch: тамна (tamna)

References

Benzing, Johannes (1955) Die tungusischen Sprachen. Versuch einer vergleichenden Grammatik (Abhandlungen der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse; 11) (in German), Wiesbaden: Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz in Kommission bei Franz Steiner Verlag, page 46
Cincius, V. I. (1977) Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков [Comparative Dictionary of Tungus-Manchu Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Leningrad: Nauka, page 159
Kane, Daniel (1989) The Sino-Jurchen Vocabulary of the Bureau of Interpreters (Uralic and Altaic Series; vol. 153), Bloomington, Indiana: Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University, →ISBN, page 138.
Doerfer, Gerhard, Knüppel, Michael (2004) Etymologisch-ethnologisches Wörterbuch tungusischer Dialekte, Hildesheim: Olms, page 765