Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/xilŋü

This Proto-Tungusic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Tungusic

Etymology

Probably from an earlier trisyllabic from *xileŋü.[1]

Noun

*xilŋü

  1. tongue

Declension

Declension of *xilŋü
Singular
Nominative *xilŋü
Accusative *xilŋübe
Genitive *xilŋüŋī
Dative *xilŋüdüe
Locative *xilŋülē
Ablative *xilŋüdiki
Prolative *xilŋüli
Elative *xilŋügiʒi
Instrumental *xilŋüʒi
Delative *xilŋülēki
Directive *xilŋütiki
Comitative *xilŋügili

Descendants

  • →? Proto-Nivkh: *hilɣ (“tongue”) [2][3]
    • Nivkh: ӿилх (hilx)
  • Jurchenic: *ileŋu
  • Tungusic:
    • Northern Tungusic: *ilŋi
      • Even: е̄нӈэ (jēnŋə)
      • Evenki: инни (inņi), илӈи (ilŋi), инӈи (inŋi)
      • Negidal: инʼӈи (ińŋi), ин’н’и (ińńi)
      • Oroqen: iŋi
      • Solon: iŋi
    • Southern Tungusic:
      • Central: *iŋŋi
        • Oroch: иӈи (iŋi)
        • Udihe: иӈи (iŋi)
      • South-Eastern: *xilŋu > *silŋu

References

  1. ^ Vovin, Alexander, Janhunen, Juha, de la Fuente, José Andrés Alonso (2023) The Tungusic Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), Abingdon: Routledge, page 46
  2. ^ Fortescue, Michael (2016) Comparative Nivkh Dictionary, München: LINCOM, page 74
  3. ^ Martijn G. T. M. Knapen (2021) “The oldest layer of Amuric-Tungusic lexical contacts”, in Diversity Linguistics‎[1], pages 93-94
  • Benzing, Johannes (1955) Die tungusischen Sprachen. Versuch einer vergleichenden Grammatik (Abhandlungen der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse; 11) (in German), Wiesbaden: Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz in Kommission bei Franz Steiner Verlag, page 43
  • Cincius, V. I. (1975) Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков [Comparative Dictionary of Tungus-Manchu Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Leningrad: Nauka, pages 316-317
  • Kane, Daniel (1989) The Sino-Jurchen Vocabulary of the Bureau of Interpreters (Uralic and Altaic Series; vol. 153), Bloomington, Indiana: Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University, →ISBN, page 315.
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