Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/öpke

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Perhaps related to Manchu ᡠᡶᡠᡥᡠ (ufuhu, “lung”).

Noun

*öpke

  1. lung
  2. anger

Declension

Declension of *öpke
singular 3)
nominative *öpke
accusative *öpkeg, *öpkeni1)
genitive *öpkeniŋ
dative *öpkeke
locative *öpkede
ablative *öpkeden
allative *öpkegerü
instrumental 2) *öpken
equative 2) *öpkeče
similative 2) *öpkeleyü
comitative 2) *öpkeligü
1) Originally used only in pronominal declension.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

  • Oghur
    • Chuvash: ӳпке (üpke)
  • Proto-Common Turkic: *öpke
  • Oghuz: *öwke ("anger"), *öwken ("lungs")
    • Old Anatolian Turkish: اوكه (öwke, “anger”), اويكه (öyke, “anger”), ايكن (öyken, “lungs”), اويكن (öyken, “lungs”)
      • Azerbaijani: öfkə (“lungs; anger”), öxbə (“lungs”) (dial.), öfgə (“lungs”) (dial.), öfkələnmək (“to get angry”)
      • Ottoman Turkish: اوفكه (öfke, “anger”), اويكه (öyke, “anger”), اويكن (öyken, “lungs”), اويكهلنمك (öykelenmek, “to get angry”)
        • Gagauz: üfke (“anger”)
        • Turkish: öfke, öfkelenmek, öyke (“anger”) (dialectal), öyken (“lungs”) (dialectal), övken (“asthma”) (dialectal), öykelenmek (dialectal), övkelenmek (dialectal)
    • Salar: öken (“lungs”)
    • Turkmen: öýke (“sadness”), öýken (“lungs”), öýkelemek
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: [script needed] (öpke)
  • Kypchak:
    • North Kipchak:
    • West Kipchak:
      • Crimean Tatar: öpke
      • Karachay-Balkar: ёпке (öpke)
      • Kumyk: оьпке (öpke)
    • South Kipchak:
  • Siberian:
    • Old Turkic: [script needed] (öpke) (Yenisei)
      • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (öpke, övke)
        • Western Yugur: üʰkpi, [script needed] (öhkbe)
    • Sayan:
      • Tofa: өъкпэ (ö"kpe)
      • Tuvan: өкпе (ökpe)
      • Dukhan: öʰkpe
    • Yenisei:

Further reading

  • “öyke, öyken”, in Türkiye'de halk ağzından derleme sözlüğü [Compilation Dictionary of Popular Speech in Turkey] (in Turkish), volume 9, Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1977
  • “öyke, öyken”, in XIII. Yüzyılından Beri Türkiye Türkçesiyle Yazılmış Kitaplarından Toplanan Tanıklarıyle Tarama Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu yayınları; 212)‎[1] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1963–1977
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 9
  • Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Nauka, page 540
  • Tenišev E. R., editor (2001), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: Leksika [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages: Lexis] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, pages 276-277
  • Jegorov, V. G. (1964) “ӳпке”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), Cheboksary: Čuvašskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, page 280
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