Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/bugra

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Of uncertain origin. Most commonly thought to be a derivation from *bugu (“male deer”) +‎ *-ra, however there is no denominal *-ra suffix in Turkic.

Scherbak considers *bugu as loanword from Mongolic, whence Mongolian буга (buga, “male deer”).

Nişanyan proposes a loanword from Proto-Mongolic *bugur (“male camel”).

Räsänen compares this word with Finnish peura (“reindeer”).

Eren analyzes as *bugur with the suffix *-a, which could also be used in *čōčka (“pig, piglet”). Compare dialectal Turkish buğur.

Noun

*bugra

male camel; camel stallion
Coordinate terms: *tebe (“camel”), *kȫĺek (“young of camel”)

Declension

Declension of *bugra
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*bugra
accusative	bugrag, bugranï¹⁾
genitive	*bugranïŋ
dative	*bugraka
locative	*bugrada
ablative	*bugradan
allative	*bugragaru
instrumental ²⁾	*bugran
equative ²⁾	*bugrača
similative ²⁾	*bugralayu
comitative ²⁾	*bugralïgu

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Proto-Common Turkic:

Oghuz:
- West Oghuz:
  - Old Anatolian Turkish:
    - Azerbaijani: buğur
    - Ottoman Turkish:
      - Turkish: buğra
- East Oghuz:
  - Turkmen: bugra
Kipchak:
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: bora
- South Kipchak:
  - Karakalpak: buwra
  - Kazakh: бура (bura)
  - Nogai: бора (bora)
- Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: буура (buura)
  - Southern Altai: бура (bura)
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: بُغْرا (/⁠buɣra, boɣra⁠/)
  - Chagatai: بوغرا (buğra)
    - Uyghur: بۇغرا (bughra)
    - Uzbek: boʻgʻra
Siberian:
- Old Uyghur: 𐽼𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽰 (pwqrʾ /⁠buġra⁠/), 𐰉𐰆𐰍𐰺𐰀 (b¹uǧr¹a /⁠buġra⁠⁠/)
- North Siberian:
  - Dolgan: буур (buur)
  - Yakut: буур (buur)
- Southe Siberian:
  - Sayan Turkic:
    - Tofa: буур (buur)
  - Yenisei Turkic:
    - Khakas: пуға (puğa)
    - Shor: пуға (puğa)

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “buğra”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 317-318
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 86
Tenišev E. R., editor (1984–2006), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages:] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, pages 152, 446-447
Doerfer, Gerhard (1965) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 19)‎^[1] (in German), volume II, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, pages 295-297
Sevortjan, E. V. (1978) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Moscow: Nauka, pages 235-238
Gülensoy, Tuncer (2007) “Proto-Turkic/bugra”, in Türkiye Türkcesindeki Türkçe Sözcüklerin Köken Bilgisi Sözlüğü (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, pages 177-178