Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/eĺčgek

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *eĺč- +‎ *-gek. Akin to Proto-Tungusic *eyiken and Proto-Mongolic *elǰigen (“donkey”).^[1]^[2]

Noun

*eĺčgek

donkey

Declension

Declension of *eĺčgek
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*eĺčgek
accusative	eĺčgekig, eĺčgekni¹⁾
genitive	*eĺčgekniŋ
dative	*eĺčgekke
locative	*eĺčgekde
ablative	*eĺčgekden
allative	*eĺčgekgerü
instrumental ²⁾	*eĺčgekin
equative ²⁾	*eĺčgekče
similative ²⁾	*eĺčgekleyü
comitative ²⁾	*eĺčgekligü

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Oghur:
- →? Proto-Mongolic: *elǰigen
Common Turkic:

Arghu:
- Khalaj: əşgə
Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: eşşək
  - Ottoman Turkish: اشك
    - Turkish: eşek
    - → Armenian: էշեկ (ēšek)
    - → Bulgarian: ешѐк (ešèk)
    - → Laz: ეშეღი (eşeği)
    - → Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: ѐшек
      Latin script: èšek
    - →? Sicilian: sceccu
      - → Italian: scecco
- Turkmen: eşek
- Salar: eşek
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: اَشْكَكْ (ešgek)
  - Chagatai: ايشاک
    - Uzbek: eshak
    - Uyghur: ئىشەق (isheq)
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Tatar: ишәк (işäk)
  - Bashkir: ишәк (işək)
  - → Middle Russian: иша́къ (išák), ише́къ (išék)
    - Russian: иша́к (išák)
    - → Old Ruthenian: *иша́къ (*išák)
      - Belarusian: іша́к (išák)
      - Ukrainian: іша́к (išák)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: eşek
  - Karachay-Balkar: эшек (eşek)
  - Karaim: эшэк (ešek)
  - Kumyk: эшек (eşek)
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Kazakh: есек (esek), естек (estek)
    - Karakalpak: eshek
    - Nogai: эшек (éşek)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: эшек (eşek)
    - Southern Altai: эштек (eštek)
- →? Chuvash: ашак (aš̬ak)
Siberian:
- South Siberian:
  - Yenisei:
    - Shor: эштек

References

^
^{The template Template:R:trk:Tekin1969 does not use the parameter(s): page=79
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Tekin, Talât (1969) “Zetacism and Sigmatism in Proto-Turkic”, in Acta Orientalia Acedamiae Scientiarum Hunagricae, Berkeley, pages 51-80
^ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*eĺčgek”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

[1] {The template Template:R:trk:Tekin1969 does not use the parameter(s): page=79
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Tekin, Talât (1969) “Zetacism and Sigmatism in Proto-Turkic”, in Acta Orientalia Acedamiae Scientiarum Hunagricae, Berkeley, pages 51-80

[2] Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*eĺčgek”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

[1]

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