Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/erk

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *erke by Nişanyan. ^[1]

Noun

*erk

Declension

Declension of *erk
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*erk
accusative	erkig, erkni¹⁾
genitive	*erkniŋ
dative	*erkke
locative	*erkde
ablative	*erkden
allative	*erkgerü
instrumental ²⁾	*erkin
equative ²⁾	*erkče
similative ²⁾	*erkleyü
comitative ²⁾	*erkligü

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Derived terms

*erk-in (“free”)
*erk-lig (“evil god in Turkic myth; authoritative”)
*erk-siŕ (“unauthoritative”)

Descendants

→? Proto-Mongolic: *erke
- Mongolian: эрх (erx)
- → Tuvan: эрге (erge)
Oghur:
- → Hungarian: erő

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish: ارك (erk)
  - Azerbaijani: ərk
  - Turkish: (dialectal) erk
  - → Turkish: erk (learned)
- Turkmen: erk
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: اَرْكْ (erk)
  - Chagatai: [script needed] (érk)
    - Uzbek: erk
    - Uyghur: ئەرك (erk)
Kypchak:
- North Kypchak:
  - Bashkir: ирек (irek)
  - Tatar: ирек (irek)
  - → Chuvash: ирӗк (irĕk)
- South Kipchak:
  - Kipchak-Nogai:
    - Karakalpak: erik
    - Kazakh: ерік (erık)
    - Nogai: эрк (érk)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: эрк (erk), эрик (erik)
    - Southern Altai: эрик (erik)
- West Kipchak:
  - ⇒ Crimean Tatar: erkin
  - ⇒ Karachay-Balkar: эркин (erkin)
  - ⇒ Kumyk: эркин (erkin)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐰼𐰚 (r²k /⁠erk⁠/), 𐰼𐰃𐰚 (r²ik /⁠erik⁠/)
  - Old Uyghur: [script needed] (erk)

References

^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “erk”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “er”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 220

[1] Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “erk”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

[1]