Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kām

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Unknown.

Räsänen proposes that this Turkic cultural term was borrowed from Old Korean [script needed] (*kam)[1], for which compare Korean 검사 (geomsa, “public inspector”). However, the time frame and the wide semantic shifts for it to be realistically feasible are difficult to reconcile, which are also acknowledged by him.

Noun

*kām

  1. (shamanism, religion) shaman

Declension

Declension of *kām
singular 3)
nominative *kām
accusative *kāmïg, *kāmnï1)
genitive *kāmnïŋ
dative *kāmka
locative *kāmda
ablative *kāmdan
allative *kāmgaru
instrumental 2) *kāmïn
equative 2) *kāmča
similative 2) *kāmlayu
comitative 2) *kāmlïgu
1) Originally used only in pronominal declension.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Derived terms

  • *kām-čï (“that one who shamanizes”)
    • Oghur:
      • Chuvash: юмҫӑ (jumś̬ă)
    • Kipchak:
  • *kām-la- (“to shamanize”)
    • Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
        • Southern Altai: камдаар (kamdaar)

Descendants

  • Oghur:
    • Chuvash: юмӑҫ (jumăś)
  • Proto-Common Turkic: *kām
  • Oghuz:
    • → Turkish: kam (learned)
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: [script needed] (kām)
  • Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
  • Siberian:
    • Old Uyghur: 𐽲𐽰𐽹 (qʾm /⁠ḳam⁠/)
    • North Siberian:
      • ⇒ Dolgan: камнаа (kamnaa)
      • ⇒ Yakut: хамнаа (qamnaa), хамсаа (qamsaa)
    • South Siberian:

References

  1. ^ Räsänen, Martti (1969) “mtü. kām”, in Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 228
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “ka:m”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 625
  • Tekin, Talât (1995) Türk Dillerinde Birincil Uzun Ünlüler [Primary Long Vowels in Turkic Languages] (Türk Dilleri Araştırmaları Dizisi; 13)‎[1], Ankara: T.C. Kültür Bakanlığı, →ISBN, page 101
  • Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*kiam”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎[2], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  • Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 228
  • Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20)‎[3] (in German), volume 3, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, pages 402-406
  • Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (1997) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 5, Moscow: Jazyki russkoj kulʹtury, pages 240-241
  • al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume III, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 157
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