Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kadï

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Helimski (1995) supposed a loan from < Proto-Samoyedic *kåət, ultimately from Proto-Uralic *kowse.

Noun

*kadï

pine

Declension

Declension of *kadï
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*kadï
accusative	kadïg, kadïnï¹⁾
genitive	*kadïnïŋ
dative	*kadïka
locative	*kadïda
ablative	*kadïdan
allative	*kadïgaru
instrumental ²⁾	*kadïn
equative ²⁾	*kadïča
similative ²⁾	*kadïlayu
comitative ²⁾	*kadïlïgu

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Derived terms

*kara-kadï
- Khakas: харахазы (xaraxazı)
*kadïgan
- Yakut: кытыан (kıtıan)

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: хыр (hyr)
Proto-Common Turkic:

Siberian:
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan:
    - Tofa: хады
    - Tuvan: хады (xadı)
  - Yeniseian:
    - Khakas: хазы (xazı)

References

Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*kạdɨ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (1997) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 5, Moscow: Jazyki russkoj kulʹtury, pages 291-292
Helimski, E. 1995. "Samoyedic loans in Turkic: Check-list of etymologies." — B. Kellner-Heinkele, M. Stachowski (eds.): Laut- und Wortgeschichte der Türksprachen, pp. 75–95. Turkologica 26. Wiesbaden.