Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tïgïŕ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From *tïg- (“to blunt”) +‎ *-ïŕ. Oghuz and Kipchak point the stem Proto-Turkic *tïk- (“to stuff”), whence *tïkïz. *tïgïz would be *tïgïz in Oghuz and *tïwïz in Kipchak.

Adjective

*tïgïŕ

firm, tough
narrow, compact, dense

Derived terms

*tïgra-
- *tïgraš-
- *tïgrak

Descendants

Oghur: *tïgïr
- Chuvash: тӑвӑр (tăvăr)
Proto-Common Turkic: *tïgïz, *tïkïz

Oghuz: *tïkïz
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Ottoman Turkish: طیقیز (tıkız)
    - Turkish: tıkız
    - → Armenian: թըխըզ (tʻəxəz)
- Turkmen: dykyz
Karluk:
- Uzbek: tig'iz
Kipchak: *tïkïz
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: тығыҙ (tığıź)
  - Tatar: тыгыз (tığız)
  - → Chuvash: тӑкӑс (tăk̬ăs)
- West Kipchak:
  - Kumyk: тыгъыс (tığıs)
  - ⇒ Karachay-Balkar: тыгъырыкъ (tığırıq)
  - Crimean Tatar: tığız
- East Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: тыгыз (tıgız)
  - Southern Altai: туус (tuus)
- South Kipchak:
  - Karakalpak: тығыз
  - Kazakh: тығыз (tyğyz)
  - Nogai: тыгыз (tıgız)
Siberian:
- North Siberian:
  - Yakut: тыйыс (tıyıs)

⇒ Proto-Turkic: *tïgrak
- Siberian:
  - Old Turkic: [script needed] (tïğraq)
    - Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tïğraq)
- Karluk:
  - Karakhanid: تِغْراقْ (tïğrāq)
- → Proto-Mongolic: *čixirag

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 471
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 477
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*Tɨgra- / *Tɨgɨŕ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill