Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yārtu

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *yār- (“to split”).

Noun

*yārtu

  1. something split off
  2. (Oghur) candle, torch

Declension

Declension of *yārtu
singular 3)
nominative *yārtu
accusative *yārtug, *yārtunï1)
genitive *yārtunïŋ
dative *yārtuka
locative *yārtuda
ablative *yārtudan
allative *yārtugaru
instrumental 2) *yārtun
equative 2) *yārtuča
similative 2) *yārtulayu
comitative 2) *yārtulïgu
1) Originally used only in pronominal declension.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

  • Oghur:
    • Chuvash: ҫурта (śurt̬a, “candle”)
    • → Hungarian: gyertya (“candle”)
    • → Komi-Zyrian: сартас (sartas, “tea-urn”)
  • Proto-Common Turkic: *yārtu
  • Oghuz:
    • Turkmen: ýārty (“half”)
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: يَرْتُو (“chip”)
  • Kipchak:
    • South Kipchak:
      • Caspian:
        • Kazakh: жарты (jarty, “half”)
  • Siberian:
    • Old Turkic:
      • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (yartu, “wood; strait, ravine”)
    • South Siberian:
      • Shor: [script needed] (čarta)

References

  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 959
  • al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 30
  • Wilkens, Jens (2021) Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 871
  • Ünal, Orçun (March 2023) “Proto-Turkic/yārtu”, in Kayıp Bir Dilin İzinde: Tarihi bir Türk Lehçesinin Avrasya Dillerindeki Örtük İzleri [In Search of a Lost Language: Implicit Traces of a Historical Turkic Dialect in Eurasian Languages]‎[1], 1st edition, Çanakkale: Paradigma Akademi, →ISBN, page 81
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