Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yās

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Unknown. In modern descendants, excluding Yakut, the reflexes of this root are indistinguishable from loanwords from Arabic يَأْس (yaʔs) although Oghuz forms are definitely not loanwords from said source.

Noun

*yās

loss, damage, harm
shame

Declension

Declension of *yās
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*yās
accusative	yāsïg, yāsnï¹⁾
genitive	*yāsnïŋ
dative	*yāska
locative	*yāsda
ablative	*yāsdan
allative	*yāsgaru
instrumental ²⁾	*yāsïn
equative ²⁾	*yāsča
similative ²⁾	*yāslayu
comitative ²⁾	*yāslïgu

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Oghur: *ʒās
- Old Chuvash: *ďās
  - → Old Hungarian: gazolcodic (ďāsolkodik, “to wear funeral clothes, to be bereft”) (c. 1416)
    - Hungarian: gyász (“bereavement, mourning”)
  - Anatri Chuvash: *śüs
    - → Eastern Mari: сӧс (sös, “memorial celebration”)
Proto-Common Turkic: *yās

Oghuz: ياسْ (yās, “death”)
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: yas
    - Ottoman Turkish: یاس (yâs)
    - Turkish: yas
- East Oghuz:
  - Turkmen: yās (“feast held after a funeral, mourning”)
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: ىاَسْ (yās, “loss, mourning; trade deficit”)
  - Chagatai: ىاَسْ (yās, “lamentation”)
Kipchak:
- Kipchak: ias (yās, “melancholy, sadness”)
Siberian Turkic:
- North Siberian Turkic:
  - Dolgan: һаатыннар (“to shame (tran.)”)
  - Yakut: саат (saat)
  - Yakut: саат-тааһ (saat-taah, “enemy”)
- South Siberian Turkic:
  - Old Uyghur: 𐽶𐽰𐽻 (yas, “shame, sadness”)

References

Róna-Tas, András, Berta, Árpád, Károly, László (2011) West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian (Turcologica; 84), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 376, 377
Clauson, Gerard (1972) “ya:s”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 973
Eren, Hasan (1999) “yas”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language]‎^[1] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi, page 442
Nişanyan, Sevan (2015-03-05) “yas”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 191
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*jās”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[2], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill