Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yẹlim

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Noun

*yẹlim

glue

Declension

Declension of *yẹlim
	singular ³⁾
nominative	*yẹlim
accusative	yẹlimig, yẹlimni¹⁾
genitive	*yẹlimniŋ
dative	*yẹlimke
locative	*yẹlimde
ablative	*yẹlimden
allative	*yẹlimgerü
instrumental ²⁾	*yẹlimin
equative ²⁾	*yẹlimče
similative ²⁾	*yẹlimleyü
comitative ²⁾	*yẹlimligü

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: ҫилӗм (śilĕm)
Common Turkic:
- Proto-Oghuz: *yẹlim
  - East Oghuz:
    - Turkmen: ýelim
    - Salar: yilem
- Karluk:
  - Chagatai: [script needed] (yelim)
    - Uyghur: يېلىم (yëlim)
    - Uzbek: yelim
      → Tajik: елим (yelim)
- Kipchak:
  - North Kipchak:
    - Bashkir: елем (yelem)
    - Tatar: җилем (cilem)
  - West Kipchak:
    - Karachay-Balkar: джелим (celim)
  - South Kipchak:
    - Karakalpak: jelim
    - Kazakh: желім (jelım)
    - Nogai: елим (yelim)
  - East Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: желим (jelim)
    - Southern Altai: јелим (ǰelim)
- Siberian:
  - Old Uyghur: yylym (yelim)
  - Northern Altai: челим (čelim)
  - North Siberian:
    - Dolgan: һилим (hilim)
    - Yakut: силим (silim)
  - South Siberian:
    - Yenisei Turkic:
      Shor: челим (çelim)

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 928-929
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 196
Sevortjan, E. V., Levitskaja, L. S. (1989) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, pages 179-180
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*yẹlim”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Doerfer, Gerhard (1975) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 21)‎^[2] (in German), volume 4, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 189