Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þiustrī

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Possibly from *þimstr (“dark, dusky”) +‎ *-ī (adjective suffix), with unexpected *m > *w.^[1] Or, perhaps from Proto-Germanic *þiustrijaz, *þiuhstrijaz, from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”). Compare Proto-Slavic *tuskъ (“gloom”).

Adjective

*þiustrī^[2]

dark, gloomy

Inflection

ja-stem
Singular	Masculine
Nominative	*þiustrī
Genitive	*þiustrijas
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*þiustrī	*þiustriju	*þiustrī
Accusative	*þiustrijanā	*þiustrijā	*þiustrī
Genitive	*þiustrijas	*þiustrijeʀā	*þiustrijas
Dative	*þiustrijumē	*þiustrijeʀē	*þiustrijumē
Instrumental	*þiustriju	*þiustrijeʀu	*þiustriju
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*þiustrijē	*þiustrijō	*þiustriju
Accusative	*þiustrijā	*þiustrijā	*þiustriju
Genitive	*þiustrijeʀō	*þiustrijeʀō	*þiustrijeʀō
Dative	þiustrijēm, þiustrijum	þiustrijēm, þiustrijum	þiustrijēm, þiustrijum
Instrumental	þiustrijēm, þiustrijum	þiustrijēm, þiustrijum	þiustrijēm, þiustrijum

Derived terms

*þiustrijōn

Descendants

Old English: þīestre, þȳstre; þēostre (conflated with descendant of *þeustraz)
- Middle English: þester, þuster, þeostre
Old Frisian: *thiūstere
- Saterland Frisian: tjuuster
- West Frisian: tsjuster
Old Saxon: thiustri
- Middle Low German: dûster
  - German Low German: düüster
  - → German: düster, duster
  - → Danish: dyster
  - → Swedish: dyster
  - → Norwegian Bokmål: dyster
  - → Norwegian Nynorsk: dyster
Old Dutch: *thiustri
- Middle Dutch: dustere, diester, duuster
  - Dutch: duister
    - Afrikaans: duister
  - Limburgish: duuster
Old High German: *thiustri (northern)
- Middle High German: dūster, diuster
  - Central Franconian: düster, deister
    - Luxembourgish: däischter
  - Rhine Franconian: deischter (few dialects; most only have non-native duschter, duster)

References

^ Gąsiorowski, Piotr (2012) “The Germanic reflexes of PIE *-sr- in the context of Verner's Law”, in The Sound of Indo-European: Phonetics, Phonemics, and Morphophonemics‎^[1], Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, →DOI, →ISSN
^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 250: “northern WGmc *þiustrī”

[1] Gąsiorowski, Piotr (2012) “The Germanic reflexes of PIE *-sr- in the context of Verner's Law”, in The Sound of Indo-European: Phonetics, Phonemics, and Morphophonemics‎^[1], Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, →DOI, →ISSN

[2] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 250: “northern WGmc *þiustrī”

[1]

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