Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bakan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *bakaną.

Verb

*bakan^[1]

to bake

Inflection

Strong class 6
Infinitive	*bakan
1st sg. past	*bōk
3rd pl. past	*bōkun
Past ptcple	*bakan
Infinitive	*bakan
Genitive infin.	*bakannjas
Dative infin.	*bakannjē
Instrum. infin.	*bakannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*baku	*bōk
2nd singular	*bakiʀi	*bōkī
3rd singular	*bakidi	*bōk
1st plural	*bakum	*bōkum
2nd plural	*bakid	*bōkud
3rd plural	*bakand	*bōkun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*bakē	*bōkī
2nd singular	*bakēs	*bōkī
3rd singular	*bakē	*bōkī
1st plural	*bakēm	*bōkīm
2nd plural	*bakēþ	*bōkīd
3rd plural	*bakēn	*bōkīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*bak
Plural	*bakid
	Present	Past
Participle	*bakandī	*bakan

Descendants

Several of these descendants have a geminate -kk- due to contamination with the iterative.

Old English: bacan
- Middle English: baken, bakyn, bake, bakenn
  - English: bake
  - Scots: bake
  - Yola: baake
  - → Irish: bácáil
Old Frisian: *baka, *bakka
- North Frisian:
  Amrum, Feer: baag
  
  Hoolmer, Mooring, Ockholm: bååge
  
  Langenhorn, Hoorninger, Wiedingharder: baage
  
  Sylt: baak
- Saterland Frisian: boake
- West Frisian: bakke
Old Saxon: bakkan
- Middle Low German: backen
  - Westphalian:
    Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: backen
    Sauerländisch: backen
    Westmünsterländisch: backen
  - Plautdietsch: baken
Old Dutch: *bakan, *bakkan
- Middle Dutch: baken, backen
  - Dutch: bakken
    - → Sranan Tongo: baka
Old High German: bahhan, backan
- Middle High German: bachen, backen
  - Bavarian: båchn
  - German: backen, (early, dialectal) bachen
  - Luxembourgish: baken
  - Yiddish: באַקן (bakn)

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 126: “*bakan”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 126: “*bakan”

[1]