Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bifurhtijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *bi- +‎ *furhtijan.

Verb

*bifurhtijan

  1. to fear (something)
  2. to be afraid of
  3. To frighten

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive *bifurhtijan
1st sg. past *bifurhtidā
Infinitive *bifurhtijan
Genitive infin. *bifurhtijannjas
Dative infin. *bifurhtijannjē
Instrum. infin. *bifurhtijannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *bifurhtiju *bifurhtidā
2nd singular *bifurhtisi *bifurhtidēs, *bifurhtidōs
3rd singular *bifurhtiþi *bifurhtidē, *bifurhtidā
1st plural *bifurhtijum *bifurhtidum
2nd plural *bifurhtiþ *bifurhtidud
3rd plural *bifurhtijanþ *bifurhtidun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *bifurhtijē *bifurhtidī
2nd singular *bifurhtijēs *bifurhtidī
3rd singular *bifurhtijē *bifurhtidī
1st plural *bifurhtijēm *bifurhtidīm
2nd plural *bifurhtijēþ *bifurhtidīd
3rd plural *bifurhtijēn *bifurhtidīn
Imperative Present
Singular *bifurhti
Plural *bifurhtiþ
Present Past
Participle *bifurhtijandī *bifurhtid
  • *bifurhtōn

Descendants

  • Old English: befyrhtan
    • Middle English: befrighten
  • Old Saxon: biforhtian
  • Old High German: biforhten
    • Middle High German: befürhten, bevürhten
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