Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/brotōn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Possibly from *brot +‎ *-ōn. Alternatively, Kroonen suggest an iterative origin.^[1]

If the loanwords in Romance didn't come from Frankish but from Gothic, as suggested by Holthausen,^[2] then the verb likely goes back to Proto-Germanic *brutōną.

Verb

*brotōn

to break
to sprout

Inflection

Class 2 weak
Infinitive	*brotōn
1st sg. past	*brotōdā
Infinitive	*brotōn
Genitive infin.	*brotōnijas
Dative infin.	*brotōnijē
Instrum. infin.	*brotōniju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*brotō	*brotōdā
2nd singular	*brotōs	brotōdēs, brotōdōs
3rd singular	*brotōþ	brotōdē, brotōdā
1st plural	*brotōm	*brotōdum
2nd plural	*brotōþ	*brotōdud
3rd plural	*brotōnþ	*brotōdun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*brotō	*brotōdī
2nd singular	*brotōs	*brotōdī
3rd singular	*brotō	*brotōdī
1st plural	*brotōm	*brotōdīm
2nd plural	*brotōþ	*brotōdīd
3rd plural	*brotōn	*brotōdīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*brotō
Plural	*brotōþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*brotōndī	*brotōd

Derived terms

*brotul

Related terms

*breutan

Descendants

Old English: *brotian
- ⇒ Old English: *brotul, *brotol
  - Middle English: brotel
    - English: brottle, bruttle, brattle (dialectal)
Old High German: *brozzōn
- Middle High German: brozzen
  - German: brossen
→? Vulgar Latin: *brotāre
- Catalan: brotar
- Galician: brotar
- Old Occitan: brotar
  - >? Portuguese: brotar
- Spanish: brotar

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*brut(t)ōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 81
^ Holthausen, Ferdinand (2012) “*brutōn”, in Gotisches etymologisches Wörterbuch: Mit Einschluß der Eigennamen und der gotischen Lehnwörter im Romanischen [Gothic Etymological Dictionary: Including Proper Names and Gothic Loanwords in Romance Languages] (Germanische Bibliothek 4; 8) (in German), 2 edition, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*brut(t)ōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 81

[2] Holthausen, Ferdinand (2012) “*brutōn”, in Gotisches etymologisches Wörterbuch: Mit Einschluß der Eigennamen und der gotischen Lehnwörter im Romanischen [Gothic Etymological Dictionary: Including Proper Names and Gothic Loanwords in Romance Languages] (Germanische Bibliothek 4; 8) (in German), 2 edition, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN

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