Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/fūlēn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *fūl (“foul”) +‎ *-ēn.

Verb

*fūlēn

  1. (intransitive) to become foul; rot; decay

Inflection

Class 3 weak
Infinitive *fūlēn
1st sg. past *fūl?dā
Infinitive *fūlēn
Genitive infin. *fūlēnijas
Dative infin. *fūlēnijē
Instrum. infin. *fūlēniju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *fūlē *fūl?dā
2nd singular *fūlēs *fūl?dēs, *fūl?dēs
3rd singular *fūlēþ *fūl?dē, *fūl?dā
1st plural *fūlēm *fūl?dum
2nd plural *fūlēþ *fūl?dud
3rd plural *fūlēnþ *fūl?dun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *fūlē *fūl?dī
2nd singular *fūlēs *fūl?dī
3rd singular *fūlē *fūl?dī
1st plural *fūlēm *fūl?dīm
2nd plural *fūlēþ *fūl?dīd
3rd plural *fūlēn *fūl?dīn
Imperative Present
Singular *fūlē
Plural *fūlēþ
Present Past
Participle *fūlēndī *fūl?d

Descendants

  • Old English: fūlian
    • Middle English: foulen
      • English: foul
      • ⇒ Middle English: befoulen
  • Old Frisian: *fūlia
    • Saterland Frisian: fuulje
    • ⇒ West Frisian: befûlje
  • Old Saxon: *fūlōn
    • Middle Low German: vûlen
      • German Low German: fulen
      • ⇒ Middle Low German: bevûlen
        • German Low German: befulen
  • Old Dutch: *fūlon
  • Old High German: fūlēn
    • Middle High German: vūlen, viulen
      • German: faulen
      • Yiddish: פֿױלן (foyln)
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