Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/harwōn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *haru (“sharp, bitter”) +‎ *-ōn.

Verb

*harwōn[1][2]

  1. to sharpen
  2. to make bitter

Inflection

Class 2 weak
Infinitive *harwōn
1st sg. past *harwōdā
Infinitive *harwōn
Genitive infin. *harwōnijas
Dative infin. *harwōnijē
Instrum. infin. *harwōniju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *harwō *harwōdā
2nd singular *harwōs *harwōdēs, *harwōdōs
3rd singular *harwōþ *harwōdē, *harwōdā
1st plural *harwōm *harwōdum
2nd plural *harwōþ *harwōdud
3rd plural *harwōnþ *harwōdun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *harwō *harwōdī
2nd singular *harwōs *harwōdī
3rd singular *harwō *harwōdī
1st plural *harwōm *harwōdīm
2nd plural *harwōþ *harwōdīd
3rd plural *harwōn *harwōdīn
Imperative Present
Singular *harwō
Plural *harwōþ
Present Past
Participle *harwōndī *harwōd

Alternative reconstructions

Descendants

  • Old Frisian: *harja (likely a borrowing from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German)
    • Saterland Frisian: hoarje
    • West Frisian: harje
  • Old Saxon: *harwōn
  • Old Dutch: *harwon

References

  1. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2020) “haar”, in Digitale Etymologieën: Toevoegingen bij het Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands‎[1], page 40
  2. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*harōnan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 212
  3. ^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 91
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