Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kaf

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ǵep-, *ǵebʰ- (“jaw, mouth; to eat, chew, devour”); compare in particular Proto-Slavic *zȍbь (“fodder; oats”). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Noun

*kaf n

  1. chaff

Inflection

Neuter a-stem
Singular
Nominative *kaf
Genitive *kafas
Singular Plural
Nominative *kaf *kafu
Accusative *kaf *kafu
Genitive *kafas *kafō
Dative *kafē *kafum
Instrumental *kafu *kafum
  • *kefu

Descendants

  • Old English: ċeaf, ċef, *cæf — unattested, but descendants found in Middle English
    • Middle English: chaf, caf, caff, caffe, chaff, chaffe, chef, kaf, kaff, schaf
      • English: chaff
      • Scots: caff
      • → Irish: cabha
  • Old Frisian: *tzef
    • East Frisian:
      Harlingerland Frisian: schieff, scheff
      Saterland Frisian: Sääf
      Wangerooge Frisian: sjëf
    • West Frisian: tsjêf
      Gaasterland: sjêf
      Eastern Terschelling: tsjêb
  • Old Saxon: kaf
    • Middle Low German: kaf
      • German Low German: Kaff
        • → North Frisian:
          Föhr-Amrum: kaf
          Sylt: Kaf
  • Old Dutch: *caf
    • Middle Dutch: caf
      • Dutch: kaf
        • Afrikaans: kaf
        • → West Frisian: kaf
  • Old High German: kaf
    • Middle High German: kaf

References

  • Norbruis, Stefan (2015) “tsjêf”, in Etymological Dictionary of West Frisian Farming Vocabulary‎[1], Leiden: Leiden University, page 42.
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