Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kalljan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *kali (“cold, coldness”) +‎ *-jan.

Verb

*kalljan

  1. to freeze
  2. to feel cold, chilly

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive *kalljan
1st sg. past *kaldā
Infinitive *kalljan
Genitive infin. *kalljannjas
Dative infin. *kalljannjē
Instrum. infin. *kalljannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *kallju *kaldā
2nd singular *kalisi *kaldēs, *kaldōs
3rd singular *kaliþi *kaldē, *kaldā
1st plural *kalljum *kaldum
2nd plural *kaliþ *kaldud
3rd plural *kalljanþ *kaldun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *kalljē *kaldī
2nd singular *kalljēs *kaldī
3rd singular *kalljē *kaldī
1st plural *kalljēm *kaldīm
2nd plural *kalljēþ *kaldīd
3rd plural *kalljēn *kaldīn
Imperative Present
Singular *kali
Plural *kaliþ
Present Past
Participle *kalljandī *kald

Descendants

  • Old English: *ciellan
    • Middle English: chillen
    • ⇒ Old English: forciellan
  • Old High German: *kellen
    • Middle High German: kellen
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