Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/karmōn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *karm(i) (“cry, moan”) +‎ *-ōn.

Verb

*karmōn

to cry, moan

Inflection

Class 2 weak
Infinitive	*karmōn
1st sg. past	*karmōdā
Infinitive	*karmōn
Genitive infin.	*karmōnijas
Dative infin.	*karmōnijē
Instrum. infin.	*karmōniju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*karmō	*karmōdā
2nd singular	*karmōs	karmōdēs, karmōdōs
3rd singular	*karmōþ	karmōdē, karmōdā
1st plural	*karmōm	*karmōdum
2nd plural	*karmōþ	*karmōdud
3rd plural	*karmōnþ	*karmōdun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*karmō	*karmōdī
2nd singular	*karmōs	*karmōdī
3rd singular	*karmō	*karmōdī
1st plural	*karmōm	*karmōdīm
2nd plural	*karmōþ	*karmōdīd
3rd plural	*karmōn	*karmōdīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*karmō
Plural	*karmōþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*karmōndī	*karmōd

Alternative reconstructions

*karmijōn

Related terms

*karmijan

Descendants

Old Frisian: *zermia, *kermia (< *karmijōn)
- West Frisian: tsjirmje, tjirmje, kirmje
⇒ Old Frisian: *karmkia
- Saterland Frisian: kaamkje
Old Saxon: *karmōn
- Middle Low German: karmen
  - ⇒ karminge f
Old Dutch: *karmon
- Middle Dutch: karmen, kermen (likely conflated with the descendant of *karmijan, due to R-colouring)
  - Dutch: kermen
    - Afrikaans: kerm
  - ⇒ Middle Dutch: gecarm, gecarem, gekerm n
    - Dutch: gekerm
Old High German: *karmōn
- Middle High German: karmen (“to mourn, grieve, lament”)
  - German: karmen