Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/laiwarikā

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Alternative forms

*laiwaʀikā

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *laiwarikǭ.

Noun

*laiwarikā f

lark

Inflection

ōn-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*laiwarikā
Genitive	*laiwarikōn
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*laiwarikā	*laiwarikōn
Accusative	*laiwarikōn	*laiwarikōn
Genitive	*laiwarikōn	*laiwarikōnō
Dative	*laiwarikōn	laiwarikōm, laiwarikum
Instrumental	*laiwarikōn	laiwarikōm, laiwarikum

Descendants

Old English: lāwerce, lǣwerce, lāwriċe, lāferċe
- Middle English: larke, laverche, laveroc, laverke, laverock, leverock, lerke, livroche, laverok
  - English: lark, laverock, lavrock
  - Scots: lark, lork, laveirk, laverok
  - Yola: lereke, lerock
Old Frisian: *lēwerke, *lēwertze, *lertze
- North Frisian: lāsk (<? *laiwaʀikā)
- Saterland Frisian: Läiverke, Leeuwerke (Skäddel)
- West Frisian: ljurk, lartse, larts, lerts, ljurts
Old Saxon: lēwerka
- Middle Low German: lêwerike, lêwerke, lêrke
  - German Low German: Leverke, Leverk
Old Dutch: *leiwerka, *lēwerka
- Middle Dutch: lewerke, leeuwerke, liewerick, lewerijck, lewerick
  - Dutch: leeuwerik
    - ⇒ Afrikaans: lewerkie
  - → West Frisian: ljurk
Old High German: lērihha
- Middle High German: lērche, lërche, lērhe
  - German: Lerche
  - Luxembourgish: Léierchen
→ Old Galician-Portuguese: *laverca (← Suevic *lawerka^[1] or Visigothic *𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌺𐍉 (*laiwarkō))
- Galician: laverca
- Portuguese: laverca

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*laiwazikōn”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 234

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*laiwazikōn”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 234

[1]