Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/langasam

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *lang +‎ *-sam.

Adjective

*langasam^[1]

lengthy
drawn-out, long-lasting, extended, enduring

Inflection

a-stem
Singular	Masculine
Nominative	*langasam
Genitive	*langasamas
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*langasam	*langasamu	*langasam
Accusative	*langasamanā	*langasamā	*langasam
Genitive	*langasamas	*langasameʀā	*langasamas
Dative	*langasamumē	*langasameʀē	*langasamumē
Instrumental	*langasamu	*langasameʀu	*langasamu
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*langasamē	*langasamō	*langasamu
Accusative	*langasamā	*langasamā	*langasamu
Genitive	*langasameʀō	*langasameʀō	*langasameʀō
Dative	langasamēm, langasamum	langasamēm, langasamum	langasamēm, langasamum
Instrumental	langasamēm, langasamum	langasamēm, langasamum	langasamēm, langasamum

Derived terms

*langasamī

Descendants

Old English: langsum, longsum
- Middle English: langsum, longsum, longsom
  - Scots: langsum, langsome
  - English: longsome
Old Frisian: *langsum, *longsum
- Saterland Frisian: loangsoam
- West Frisian: langsum
Old Saxon: langsam
- Middle Low German: lancsām, lanksam, lanksem, lanksum
  - German Low German: langsaam
  - → Old Norse: langsamr
    - Icelandic: langsamur
    - Norwegian:
      - Norwegian Nynorsk: langsam
      - Norwegian Bokmål: langsom
    - Old Swedish: langsamber
      - Swedish: långsam
    - Danish: langsom
Old Dutch: *langsam
- Middle Dutch: lancsam, lancsom, lancsaem
  - Dutch: langzaam
    - → Indonesian: langsam
    - Negerhollands: langsaam, langsaem
    - Afrikaans: langsaam
Old High German: lancsam
- Middle High German: lancsam
  - German: langsam

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 521: “PWGmc *langasam”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 521: “PWGmc *langasam”

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