Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/plehan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Unknown.^[1]^[2] Compare perhaps Middle High German spulgen (“to be used to”), based on which Kroonen reconstructs a quasi-Indo-European pre-form of *pslek-, albeit with no secure non-Germanic cognates.^[3]

Verb

*plehan^[4]^[2]

to stand up for
to be responsible for

Inflection

Strong class 5
Infinitive	*plehan
1st sg. past	*plah
3rd pl. past	*plāgun
Past ptcple	*plegan
Infinitive	*plehan
Genitive infin.	*plehannjas
Dative infin.	*plehannjē
Instrum. infin.	*plehannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*plehu	*plah
2nd singular	*plihiʀi	*plāgī
3rd singular	*plihidi	*plah
1st plural	*plehum	*plāgum
2nd plural	*plihid	*plāgud
3rd plural	*plehand	*plāgun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*plehē	*plāgī
2nd singular	*plehēs	*plāgī
3rd singular	*plehē	*plāgī
1st plural	*plehēm	*plāgīm
2nd plural	*plehēþ	*plāgīd
3rd plural	*plehēn	*plāgīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*plih
Plural	*plihid
	Present	Past
Participle	*plehandī	*plegan

Derived terms

*plihti

Descendants

Old English: plēon, pleġan
Old Frisian: plega
Old Saxon: plegan
- Middle Low German: plēgen, pleggen, pleyen
  - Low German: plegen
  - → Old Norse: plega
    - Norwegian Bokmål: pleie
    - Norwegian Nynorsk: pleie
    - Swedish: pläga
    - Danish: pleje
Old Dutch: *plian
- Middle Dutch: plien
Old Dutch: plegan
- Middle Dutch: plēgen
  - Dutch: plegen
  - Limburgish: plieëge
Old High German: plegan, pflegan, phlegan
- Middle High German: phlëgen, pflegen
  - Alemannic German: pflääge, pfläge (Appenzell, St. Gallen, Glarus, Schaffhausen, Thurgau, Unterwald)
  - German: pflegen
    - → Polish: pielęgnować
    - → Silesian: flyjgować
  - Luxembourgish: fleegen
  - Yiddish: פֿלעג (fleg)
>? Medieval Latin: *pleviō, plebiō (“pledge”, verb)
- ⇒ Medieval Latin: plevium, plebium (“pledge”, noun)
  - Old French: plege, plage, plaige, ploge, ploige
    - Anglo-Norman: plege
      - → Middle English: plege
        English: pledge
    - French: pleige

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*pleʒanan ~ *plexanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 292
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Friedrich Kluge (1989) “pflegen”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 541: “wg. *pleg-a-”
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*plehan- - *plegan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 397
^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 127: “*plehan”

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*pleʒanan ~ *plexanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 292

[EWddS-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Friedrich Kluge (1989) “pflegen”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 541: “wg. *pleg-a-”

[3] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*plehan- - *plegan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 397

[4] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 127: “*plehan”

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]