Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skuldi

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *skuldiz.

Noun

*skuldi f

Inflection

i-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*skuldi
Genitive	*skuldī
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*skuldi	*skuldī
Accusative	*skuldi	*skuldī
Genitive	*skuldī	*skuldijō
Dative	*skuldī	skuldim, skuldijum
Instrumental	*skuldī	skuldim, skuldijum

Derived terms

Descendants

Old English: sċyld, sċyldu
- Middle English: schuld, shild
  - English: shild
Old Frisian: skeld
- North Frisian: schild
- Saterland Frisian: Skeeld
Old Saxon: skuld, sculd
- Middle Low German: schult, schuld, schülde
  - Low German: Schuld
    - German Low German: Schuld, Schüld
Old Dutch: skuld, scult
- Middle Dutch: schult, schout
  - Dutch: schuld, schoud (dialectal)
    - Afrikaans: skuld
      - → Sotho: sekoloto
      - → Tswana: sekoloto
      - → Zulu: isikweletu
    - Berbice Creole Dutch: skolo
    - Jersey Dutch: sxjilt
    - Negerhollands: skuld, skylt, schuild
    - → Indonesian: kesalahan (semantic loan)
  - Limburgish: sjöldj
Old High German: skuld, sculd, scult, sculda, sculta
- Middle High German: schult, schulde
  - German: Schuld
    - → Esperanto: ŝuldo
  - Luxembourgish: Schold
  - Yiddish: שולד (shuld)