Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sorgēn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Alternative forms

*sorgōn (North Sea Germanic)

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *surgāną. Equivalent to *sorgu (“worry, sorrow”) +‎ *-ēn.

Verb

*sorgēn^[1]

to worry, be sad

Inflection

Class 3 weak
Infinitive	*sorgēn
1st sg. past	*sorg?dā
Infinitive	*sorgēn
Genitive infin.	*sorgēnijas
Dative infin.	*sorgēnijē
Instrum. infin.	*sorgēniju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*sorgē	*sorg?dā
2nd singular	*sorgēs	sorg?dēs, sorg?dēs
3rd singular	*sorgēþ	sorg?dē, sorg?dā
1st plural	*sorgēm	*sorg?dum
2nd plural	*sorgēþ	*sorg?dud
3rd plural	*sorgēnþ	*sorg?dun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*sorgē	*sorg?dī
2nd singular	*sorgēs	*sorg?dī
3rd singular	*sorgē	*sorg?dī
1st plural	*sorgēm	*sorg?dīm
2nd plural	*sorgēþ	*sorg?dīd
3rd plural	*sorgēn	*sorg?dīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*sorgē
Plural	*sorgēþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*sorgēndī	*sorg?d

Derived terms

*bisorgēn

Descendants

Old English: sorgian, sorhgian, *sœrgian, *sergian
- Middle English: sorȝen, serȝhen, sorwen, serwen
  - English: sorrow
  - Scots: sorow, sorrow
Old Frisian: sorgia
- Saterland Frisian: súurgje, sourgje (Strukelje)
- West Frisian: soargje
Old Saxon: sorgōn
- Middle Low German: sorgen, sörgen
  - German Low German: sörgen
Old Dutch: sorgon
- Middle Dutch: sorgen
  - Dutch: zorgen
    - Afrikaans: sorg
    - Negerhollands: sorg
    - → Aukan: solugu
    - → Papiamentu: sòru
    - → Saramaccan: solúgu
    - → Sranan Tongo: sorgu
      - → Caribbean Javanese: sorgu, nyoru, nyorgoni
      - → Kari'na: sorukuma
  - Limburgish: zórge, zörge
Old High German: sorgēn, sworgōn, sorgōn
- Middle High German: sorgen
  - German: sorgen
    - → Esperanto: zorgi
  - Yiddish: זאָרגן (zorgn)
  - Luxembourgish: suergen

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 162: “PWGmc *sorgē-”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 162: “PWGmc *sorgē-”

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