Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/stapul

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *stapulaz.

Noun

*stapul m

post, pillar

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*stapul
Genitive	*stapulas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*stapul	stapulō, stapulōs
Accusative	*stapul	*stapulā
Genitive	*stapulas	*stapulō
Dative	*stapulē	*stapulum
Instrumental	*stapulu	*stapulum

Descendants

Old English: stapol, stapel
- Middle English: stapel, stapil, stapille, staple, stapul, stable
  - English: staple
  - Scots: steeple
Old Frisian: stapul
- Saterland Frisian: Stoapel
- West Frisian: steapel
Old Saxon: stapol
- Middle Low German: stapel
  - German Low German: Stapel
  - → German: Stapel
  - → Yiddish: שטאַפּל (shtapl)
Old Dutch: stapul, stapal
- Middle Dutch: stāpel
  - Dutch: stapel
    - Afrikaans: stapel
Old High German: staffal, stapfal
- Middle High German: staffel, stapfel
  - German: Staffel
→ Late Latin: stapula
- Old French: estaple
  - Anglo-Norman: staple
    - → Middle English: staple, stapel, stapil, stapul
      - English: staple
      - Scots: stapill, staple, steple
  - Middle French: estappe
    - French: étape (see there for further descendants)
  - → Italian: stapula