Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/strūbijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *strūb (“stiff, rough”) +‎ *-jan. Compare Lithuanian strùbas (“cut short, curtailed”), Proto-Slavic *strupъ (“scab, crust of a wound”), as well as perhaps Ancient Greek στρῠφνός (strŭphnós, “sour, astringent, severe”).^[1]

Verb

*strūbijan

to struggle, to resist
to roughen, to ruffle up

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*strūbijan
1st sg. past	*strūbidā
Infinitive	*strūbijan
Genitive infin.	*strūbijannjas
Dative infin.	*strūbijannjē
Instrum. infin.	*strūbijannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*strūbiju	*strūbidā
2nd singular	*strūbisi	strūbidēs, strūbidōs
3rd singular	*strūbiþi	strūbidē, strūbidā
1st plural	*strūbijum	*strūbidum
2nd plural	*strūbiþ	*strūbidud
3rd plural	*strūbijanþ	*strūbidun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*strūbijē	*strūbidī
2nd singular	*strūbijēs	*strūbidī
3rd singular	*strūbijē	*strūbidī
1st plural	*strūbijēm	*strūbidīm
2nd plural	*strūbijēþ	*strūbidīd
3rd plural	*strūbijēn	*strūbidīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*strūbi
Plural	*strūbiþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*strūbijandī	*strūbid

Descendants

Old Saxon: strūvian
- Middle Low German: struven
Old Dutch: *strūven
- Middle Dutch: struven
  - Dutch: struiven
Old High German: strūben
- Middle High German: strūben
  - German: sträuben

References

^ Wolfgang Pfeifer, editor (1993), “sträuben”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen (in German), 2nd edition, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN

[1] Wolfgang Pfeifer, editor (1993), “sträuben”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen (in German), 2nd edition, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN

[1]