Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/swartēn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *swart (“black”) +‎ *-ēn.

Verb

*swartēn

  1. to become black, blacken

Inflection

Class 3 weak
Infinitive *swartēn
1st sg. past *swart?dā
Infinitive *swartēn
Genitive infin. *swartēnijas
Dative infin. *swartēnijē
Instrum. infin. *swartēniju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *swartē *swart?dā
2nd singular *swartēs *swart?dēs, *swart?dēs
3rd singular *swartēþ *swart?dē, *swart?dā
1st plural *swartēm *swart?dum
2nd plural *swartēþ *swart?dud
3rd plural *swartēnþ *swart?dun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *swartē *swart?dī
2nd singular *swartēs *swart?dī
3rd singular *swartē *swart?dī
1st plural *swartēm *swart?dīm
2nd plural *swartēþ *swart?dīd
3rd plural *swartēn *swart?dīn
Imperative Present
Singular *swartē
Plural *swartēþ
Present Past
Participle *swartēndī *swart?d

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Old English: sweartian
  • Old Frisian: *swartia
    • West Frisian: swartsje
  • Old Dutch: *swarton
  • Old High German: swarzēn
    • Middle High German: swarzen
    • ⇒ Old High German: irswarzēn

Further reading

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