Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/swinkan
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
Presumably from Proto-Germanic *swinkaną, perhaps a secondary strong verb to lost iterative *swinkōną, from earlier paradigm *swinkōþi ~ *swingunanþi, from pre-Proto-Germanic *swing⁽ʷ⁾ʰ-nā́-ti ~ *swing⁽ʷ⁾ʰ-un-ánti, related to *swingan (“to swing”).[1]
Verb
*swinkan
Inflection
| Strong class 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *swinkan | |
| 1st sg. past | *swank | |
| 3rd pl. past | *swunkun | |
| Past ptcple | *swunkan | |
| Infinitive | *swinkan | |
| Genitive infin. | *swinkannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *swinkannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *swinkannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *swinku | *swank |
| 2nd singular | *swinkiʀi | *swunkī |
| 3rd singular | *swinkidi | *swank |
| 1st plural | *swinkum | *swunkum |
| 2nd plural | *swinkid | *swunkud |
| 3rd plural | *swinkand | *swunkun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *swinkē | *swunkī |
| 2nd singular | *swinkēs | *swunkī |
| 3rd singular | *swinkē | *swunkī |
| 1st plural | *swinkēm | *swunkīm |
| 2nd plural | *swinkēþ | *swunkīd |
| 3rd plural | *swinkēn | *swunkīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *swink | |
| Plural | *swinkid | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *swinkandī | *swunkan |
Related terms
Descendants
- Old Frisian: *swinka
- West Frisian: swinke (“to swivel, turn around”)
- Old Saxon: *swinkan
- >? Middle Low German: swinken (“to pour out, spill”)
- Old Dutch: *swinkan
- Middle Dutch: *swinken
- Dutch: zwinken (“to swivel, turn around”) (dialectal)
- → Swedish: svinka (“to swerve, evade, be untrustworthy”)
- → Danish: svinke (“to swing, sway”)
- Middle Dutch: *swinken
- Old High German: swinkan
References
- ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*swenkanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 394