Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/tard

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Unknown. Suggested to be from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to split, tear”), whence *teran (“to tear”), and compared with Persian (dart, “harassed”).^[1]

Adjective

*tard

tender

Inflection

a-stem
Singular	Masculine
Nominative	*tard
Genitive	*tardas
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*tard	*tardu	*tard
Accusative	*tardanā	*tardā	*tard
Genitive	*tardas	*tardeʀā	*tardas
Dative	*tardumē	*tardeʀē	*tardumē
Instrumental	*tardu	*tardeʀu	*tardu
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*tardē	*tardō	*tardu
Accusative	*tardā	*tardā	*tardu
Genitive	*tardeʀō	*tardeʀō	*tardeʀō
Dative	tardēm, tardum	tardēm, tardum	tardēm, tardum
Instrumental	tardēm, tardum	tardēm, tardum	tardēm, tardum

Descendants

Old Saxon: *tard
- Middle Low German: tart
Old Dutch: *tard, *tart
- Middle Dutch: taert
  - ⇒ Middle Dutch: vertaert
    - Dutch: vertaart, vertaard
Old High German: zart
- Middle High German: zart
  - Bavarian:
    Viennese: zårt
  - German: zart
    - → Danish: sart
    - → Swedish: sart
  - Luxembourgish: zaart
  - Yiddish: צאַרט (tsart)
    - ⇒ Yiddish: צערטלעך (tsertlekh)
  - → Middle Dutch: tsaert, saert
    - → Saterland Frisian: tsoart
- → Middle Low German: tzart, zart, sart
  - German Low German: zart

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*tarđaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 402

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*tarđaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 402

[1]