Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/twiʀnēn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *twiznāną. Equivalent to *twiʀn (“twine”) +‎ *-ēn.

Verb

*twiʀnēn

  1. to twine, wind threads

Inflection

Class 3 weak
Infinitive *twiʀnēn
1st sg. past *twiʀn?dā
Infinitive *twiʀnēn
Genitive infin. *twiʀnēnijas
Dative infin. *twiʀnēnijē
Instrum. infin. *twiʀnēniju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *twiʀnē *twiʀn?dā
2nd singular *twiʀnēs *twiʀn?dēs, *twiʀn?dēs
3rd singular *twiʀnēþ *twiʀn?dē, *twiʀn?dā
1st plural *twiʀnēm *twiʀn?dum
2nd plural *twiʀnēþ *twiʀn?dud
3rd plural *twiʀnēnþ *twiʀn?dun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *twiʀnē *twiʀn?dī
2nd singular *twiʀnēs *twiʀn?dī
3rd singular *twiʀnē *twiʀn?dī
1st plural *twiʀnēm *twiʀn?dīm
2nd plural *twiʀnēþ *twiʀn?dīd
3rd plural *twiʀnēn *twiʀn?dīn
Imperative Present
Singular *twiʀnē
Plural *twiʀnēþ
Present Past
Participle *twiʀnēndī *twiʀn?d

Alternative reconstructions

  • *twiʀnōn

Descendants

  • Old English: *twīnian
  • Old Frisian: *twīnia
    • Saterland Frisian: twienje
    • West Frisian: twynje, twine
  • Old Saxon: *twirnōn
    • Middle Low German: twernen
      • Low German: twernen
  • Old Dutch: *twirnon, *twīnon
    • Middle Dutch: twernen, twinen
      • Dutch: tweernen, twijnen
  • Old High German: zwirnēn, zwirnōn
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