Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/ubil

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ubilaz.

Adjective

*ubil (comparative *wirsiʀō, superlative *wirsist(ō))

  1. evil, bad

Inflection

a-stem
Singular Masculine
Nominative *ubil
Genitive *ubilas
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *ubil *ubilu *ubil
Accusative *ubilanā *ubilā *ubil
Genitive *ubilas *ubileʀā *ubilas
Dative *ubilumē *ubileʀē *ubilumē
Instrumental *ubilu *ubileʀu *ubilu
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *ubilē *ubilō *ubilu
Accusative *ubilā *ubilā *ubilu
Genitive *ubileʀō *ubileʀō *ubileʀō
Dative *ubilēm, *ubilum *ubilēm, *ubilum *ubilēm, *ubilum
Instrumental *ubilēm, *ubilum *ubilēm, *ubilum *ubilēm, *ubilum

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Old English: yfel, efel, eofel
    • Middle English: yvel, uvel, evel
  • Old Frisian: evel
    • Saterland Frisian: eeuwel
    • West Frisian: evel
  • Old Saxon: uvil
  • Old Dutch: uvil
  • Old High German: ubil
    • Middle High German: übel, *üvel (West Central German)
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