Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/unþahaldan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *unþa- (“away”) +‎ *haldan (“to hold, keep”).

Verb

*unþahaldan

  1. to hold away, withhold
  2. to keep away

Inflection

Strong class 7c
Infinitive *unþahaldan
1st sg. past *unþaheald
3rd pl. past *unþahealdun
Past ptcple *unþahaldan
Infinitive *unþahaldan
Genitive infin. *unþahaldannjas
Dative infin. *unþahaldannjē
Instrum. infin. *unþahaldannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *unþahaldu *unþaheald
2nd singular *unþahaldiʀi *unþahealdī
3rd singular *unþahaldidi *unþaheald
1st plural *unþahaldum *unþahealdum
2nd plural *unþahaldid *unþahealdud
3rd plural *unþahaldand *unþahealdun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *unþahaldē *unþahealdī
2nd singular *unþahaldēs *unþahealdī
3rd singular *unþahaldē *unþahealdī
1st plural *unþahaldēm *unþahealdīm
2nd plural *unþahaldēþ *unþahealdīd
3rd plural *unþahaldēn *unþahealdīn
Imperative Present
Singular *unþahald
Plural *unþahaldid
Present Past
Participle *unþahaldandī *unþahaldan

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Old English: ōþhealdan
  • Old Frisian: *undhalda
    • West Frisian: ûnthâlde
    • Saterland Frisian: undhoolde, änthoolde
  • Old Saxon: *undhaldan, *andhaldan
    • Middle Low German: enthōlden, entholden, enhōlden, unhōlden, unthōlden, enthālden
      • German Low German: enthollen, inthollen
  • Old Dutch: *anthaldan
  • Old High German: *inthaltan
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