Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wurpijan
Proto-West Germanic
Alternative forms
- *werpijan (see Reconstruction notes)
Etymology
Derived from *werpan.
Verb
*wurpijan[1]
- to throw
Reconstruction notes
This term didn't actually exist in the form *werpijan, as the vowel e did not occur in an umlauting environment (the expected outcome would be *wirpijan). However, due to the lack of definitive Germanic descendants and the fact that several other sources reconstruct this term as such, we have listed *werpijan as an alternative form despite it being unclear how the Proto-West Germanic form should be reconstructed.
Conjugation
| Class 1 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *wurpijan | |
| 1st sg. past | *wurpidā | |
| Infinitive | *wurpijan | |
| Genitive infin. | *wurpijannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *wurpijannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *wurpijannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *wurpiju | *wurpidā |
| 2nd singular | *wurpisi | *wurpidēs, *wurpidōs |
| 3rd singular | *wurpiþi | *wurpidē, *wurpidā |
| 1st plural | *wurpijum | *wurpidum |
| 2nd plural | *wurpiþ | *wurpidud |
| 3rd plural | *wurpijanþ | *wurpidun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *wurpijē | *wurpidī |
| 2nd singular | *wurpijēs | *wurpidī |
| 3rd singular | *wurpijē | *wurpidī |
| 1st plural | *wurpijēm | *wurpidīm |
| 2nd plural | *wurpijēþ | *wurpidīd |
| 3rd plural | *wurpijēn | *wurpidīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *wurpi | |
| Plural | *wurpiþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *wurpijandī | *wurpid |
Descendants
- Old English: wyrpan (“to throw”)
- Old Saxon: *wurpian
- >? Middle Low German: *worpen
- ⇒ Middle Low German: rinkworpen
- >? Middle Low German: *worpen
- Old Dutch: *wurpen
- >? Middle Dutch: worpen, woorpen
- Old High German: *wurfen
- Middle High German: wurfen, worfen
- German: worfen (archaic)
- ⇒ Old High German: firwurfen
- ⇒ Middle High German: verwurfnisse
- Middle High German: wurfen, worfen
- → Medieval Latin: werpiō, worpiō, guerpiō, gurpiō [723 CE, Saint-Omer, France] (see there for further descendants)
References
- ^ Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “*werpjan”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 17: Germanismes: S–Z, page 565