Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/dowŋ

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Proto-Yeniseian numbers (edit)
 ←  2 3 4  → 
    Cardinal: *dowŋ
    Ordinal: *dowŋwasVŋʷ
    Adverbial: *dowŋpa
    Collective: *dowŋɟe

Alternative reconstructions

  • *doˀŋ, *doˀŋa (per Werner 2002 and Vajda-Werner 2022)
  • *doŋ (per Cologne group 2023. Pattern: d.1-ŋ.1)

Etymology

Numeral

*dowŋ (ordinal *dowŋ-was-Vŋʷ)

  1. (cardinal number) three, 3

Descendants

  • Ketic:
    • Imbak Ket: dogom (Bahta and Eed-Šeš dialects)
    • Imbak Ket: doŋam, dɔŋem, domom
      • Ket: доӈ (dɔ̄ŋ), доʼӈ (dɔˀŋ)
        • ⇒ Ket: доӈаӈ (dɔ́ŋan, dɔ́ŋeŋ) (counting form used with animate nouns)
        • ⇒ Ket: доӈам (dɔ́ŋam) (counting form used with animate nouns)
        • ⇒ Northern Ket: доӈамбэттьиӈӄосин (doŋam-bétʲtʲiŋ-qosin, “seven”, literally “three-without-ten”)
    • Ostyak Yug: dóŋem
      • Yug: доʼӈ (dɔˀŋ)
        • ⇒ Yug: доӈе (dɔŋe) (counting form used with animate nouns)
        • ⇒ Yug: доӈеӈ (dɔŋeŋ) (counting form used with inanimate nouns)
  • Kottic:
    • Assan: toŋ'a (toŋʲa), toŋga, tóŋ'ä (tóŋʲä)
    • Kott: toŋa, tóŋa, tôŋa (toːŋa), tôŋaš (toːŋaš)
      • ⇒ Kott: toŋča (“three, 3”)
      • ⇒ Kott: tônšin (toːnšin, “three of them”)
      • ⇒ Kott: tôŋiaŋ (toːŋiaŋ, “There are three [animate objects.]”) (Attested as a sentence.)
  • Arinic:
    • Arin: t'oŋa (tʲoŋa), t'uŋa (tʲuŋa), t'juŋa (tʲjuŋa)
    • ⇒ Arin: tent'ag (tentʲag, “three, 3”)
  • Pumpokolic:
    • Pumpokol: dónga
    • ⇒ Pumpokol: doŋa (“There are three [objects.]”) (Attested as a sentence.)

Further reading

  • Bonmann, Svenja, Fries, Simon, Korobzow, Natalie, Günther, Laura, Hill, Eugen (2023) “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part I: Word-Initial Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[1], number 5, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 51 of 39-82
  • Hill, Eugen, Fries, Simon, Korobzow, Natalie, Günther, Laura, Svenja, Bonmann (2024) “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part II: Word-Final Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[2], number 6, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 272 of 216-293
  • Vajda, Edward, Werner, Heinrich (2022) “*dɔˀŋ”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, pages 213-217
  • Vajda, Edward (2024) The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[3], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 440
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002) “dɔˀŋ (I)”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 203
  • Werner, Heinrich (2005) “three”, in Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 328
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