Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/kajš

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Alternative reconstructions

  • *kiˀs, *giˀs (per Werner 2002 & Vajda-Werner 2022)
  • *kʰiˀs, *kʰeˀs (for Ketic branch, per Vajda-Werner 2022)
  • *xiʧ, *xic (per Cologne group 2023 (& 2024?). Pattern: k.1-s.1?)

Etymology

Compared to Proto-Na-Dene *kawš, *kˀwaʀš (“lower leg, foot”); Eyak kˀahš (“foot, lower leg, paw”) and Tlingit xʼaash (xˀàːš, “cheek of buttock”).

Noun

*kajš (plural *kajš-Vŋ)

  1. (anatomy, zootomy) shank, foot; leg
    Synonym: *butɬ

Descendants

  • Ketic:
    • Ket: киʼсь (kiˀsʲ)
    • Yug: киʼс (kiˀs)
  • Pumpokolic:
    • >? Jie: 劬禿當 (*gju.thuwk.tang /⁠*got-o-kt-aŋ⁠/, “They will catch him.”, literally “his foot, they will take”)
  • ⇒ Proto-Yeniseian: *kajš-xik, *kajš-xik-Vn (“boots, footwear”, literally “foot-skin, foot-pelt”)
    • Kottic:
      • Assan: bugor-édžan, bugur-eča (“boots”)
      • Kott: hêča, gečan (“boots”), hêči (“shoe”)
    • Arinic:
      • Arin: kɨzin (“footwear”), qisɨŋ (“boots”)
  • ⇒ Proto-Yeniseian: *kajš-adʳ (“sole of foot”, literally “foot-bone”)
    • Ketic:
      • Ket: кассат (kassat) (Southern Ket), кашшат (kaššat) (Central Ket)
    • Kottic:
      • Kott: hačar (“sole of foot”)
  • ⇒? Proto-Yeniseian: *kajš-aɬ-tu (“high”, literally “foot-?-head”)
    • Kottic:
      • Assan: uíga, hɨšaltu
      • Kott: hisal, hičal
    • Arinic:
      • ⇒ Arin: šhjámptu, šhjamtu (Metathesized?)

Further reading

  • Bonmann, Svenja, Fries, Simon, Korobzow, Natalie, Günther, Laura, Hill, Eugen (2023) “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part I: Word-Initial Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[1], number 5, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 55 of 39-82
  • Hill, Eugen, Fries, Simon, Korobzow, Natalie, Günther, Laura, Svenja, Bonmann (2024) “Coda-s.1”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part II: Word-Final Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[2], number 6, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 279 of 216-293
  • Fortescue, Michael, Vajda, Edward (2022) “77.) ~ *kawš”, in Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 361
  • Vajda, Edward, Werner, Heinrich (2022) “*kʰas-aˀt”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 463
  • Vajda, Edward, Werner, Heinrich (2022) “*kʰiˀs”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 467
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002) “²kiˀs'”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 434
  • Werner, Heinrich (2005) “foot”, in Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 297
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