Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/ɢejn

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Alternative reconstructions

  • *keˀj (per Vajda & Werner 2022)
  • *geˀj (per Werner 2022)
  • *kej (per Cologne group 2023 Pattern: k.2-j.1)

Etymology

Compared to Proto-Na-Dene *ɢa̓ˑn (“arm”); Proto-Athabaskan *–ɢa̓ˑneʔ (“arm”) and Eyak ɢǝlaʔ (“shoulder”).

Noun

*ɢejn (plural *ɢejnVŋ)

  1. (anatomy, zootomy) brachium, upper arm, shoulder

Descendants

  • Ketic:
    • Ket: кеʼй (kɛˀj)
    • Yug: кэʼй (kɛˀj)
  • Proto-Ketic: *kʰen-tʌ-bul (“shoulder blade”, literally “foot of the arm”)
    • ⇒ Ket: кентул (kɛ́ntul, “shoulder”)
    • ⇒ Ket: кентибуль (kɛ́ntibulʲ, “shoulder blade”)
    • ⇒ Yug: кентыбул (kɛntɨbul, “shoulder joint”)
  • Late Proto-Ketic: *bát-ken-tʌ (“hand, forearm”, literally “limb-shoulder-head”)
    • ⇒ Ket: баткентъ (batkentʌ, “hand, forearm”) (dialectal, rare)
  • Kottic:
    • Assan: kej
    • Kott: kei
      • ⇒ Kott: kêja (“winged”)
  • Arinic:
    • Arin: qin (“arm”), xin (“shoulder”)
      • ⇒ Arin: xinaŋ, qinaŋ (“brachium, shoulder”)
      • ⇒ Arin: kínaŋ (“arm”)
  • ⇒ Proto-Yeniseian: *ɢejnadʳ (“arm, shoulder”)
    • Ketic:
      • Yug: кэят (kɛjat, “wing”)
    • Kottic:
      • Assan: hénar (“arm”), kéŋar (“hand”)
      • Kott: hênar, hénaran (“arm”), kéŋaran (“hand”)

Further reading

  • Bonmann, Svenja, Fries, Simon, Korobzow, Natalie, Günther, Laura, Hill, Eugen (2023) “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part I: Word-Initial Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[1], number 5, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 56 of 39-82
  • Fortescue, Michael, Vajda, Edward (2022) “95.) ~*ɢejn”, in Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 372
  • Vajda, Edward, Werner, Heinrich (2022) “*keˀj”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 394
  • Vajda, Edward (2024) The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[3], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 376
  • Vajda, Edward (2024) “*ɢejn (Table 18:7)”, in The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[4], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 423
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002) “²kɛˀj”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 420
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