Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/xʷaŋ

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Alternative reconstructions

  • *xaŋ (per Starostin 1994-2005)
  • *aŋ (for Proto-Ketic), *Haŋ (per Vajda-Werner 2022)
  • *-kʷan (“to smell”), *kʷang (“smell, nose, excrement”) (per Fortescue-Vajda 2022)

Etymology

Compared to Proto-Na-Dene *čan (“smell”); Proto-Athabaskan *čən (“to smell”), Proto-Athabaskan *čʷanʼ (“to defecate”), Proto-Athabaskan *-nə-čįxʸ (“nose”, literally “face-smell”), Eyak -čãˑ (“to smell”) and Tlingit chán, chàan (“stink, odor; to have a strong odor”). In regards to this comparison, Fortescue-Vajda (2022) assume two roots, *-kʷan ("to smell") and *kʷan-g ("smell, nose"), where a cognate of Proto-Na-Dené repetitive suffix *-g can be supposedly found (as in 'repeatedly smelling thing' > 'nose',) which would then simplify into *-ŋ.

Noun

*xʷaŋ (plural *xʷaŋ-Vŋ)

  1. (anatomy) nose
    Synonym: *arɢa (Ketic and Arinic)

Descendants

  • Ketic:
    • ⇒ Ket: аӈ (aŋ-, “to feel”) (action nominal)
    • Ket: *аʼӈ (*aˀŋ, root in words involving tasting or smelling)
      • ⇒ Ket: даʼӈ (daˀŋ), даӈ (dāŋ, “smell, taste”)
      • ⇒ Ket: аӈгон (áŋgɔn, “nostril”)[1]
        • ⇒ Ket: анун (anun, “mind”)[2]
    • ⇒ Yug: анынчоуӈ (anɨnčouŋ, “clever”)
  • Kottic:
    • Assan: aŋ, au, an
    • Kott: aŋ, âŋ
    • >? Kott: hôk-kiŋ (“stink”, literally “feces-smell”)
  • Pumpokolic:
    • Pumpokol: hang, haŋ

References

  1. ^ Werner, Heinrich (2002) “áŋgɔn”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 1, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 45
  2. ^ Vajda, Edward, Werner, Heinrich (2022) “*anun”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), volume 1, Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 48

Further reading

  • Fortescue, Michael, Vajda, Edward (2022) “88.) ~*kʷan”, in Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 368-369
  • Vajda, Edward, Werner, Heinrich (2022) “*aŋ (1, 2)”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), volume 1, Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 49
  • Vajda, Edward, Werner, Heinrich (2022) “*Haŋ > *aŋ”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), volume 1, Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 320
  • Vajda, Edward (2024) “*xʷaŋ”, in The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[2], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 420
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002) “aŋ/âŋ”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 1, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 39
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002) “²daˀŋ”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 1, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 179
  • Werner, Heinrich (2005) “nose”, in Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 312
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