assalir
Occitan
Alternative forms
- assalhir
Etymology
From Late Latin assalīre.
Verb
assalir
- to assail (attack by surprise)
Conjugation
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Old French
Alternative forms
- assaillir, essaillir, aissellir, asseillir (palatalized)
- assaudre (change in verb class)
- asalir (alt. spelling)
Etymology
From Late Latin assalīre.
The palatalized variants listed above reflect an extension of /ʎ/ from the 1SG form assail < Latin assaliō.
Verb
assalir
- to jump on
- to attack; to assault
- c. 1170, Wace, Le Roman de Rou:
- Rogier li viel, cil de Belmont
Assalt Engleis el primier front- Roger the aged, the one from Belmont
Attacked some Englishmen of the first line
- Roger the aged, the one from Belmont
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of assalir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | assalir | avoir assali, assailli | |||||
| gerund | en assalant, assaillant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | assalant, assaillant | ||||||
| past participle | assali, assailli | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | assail | assaus | assaut | assalons, assaillons | assalez, assailliez | assalent, assaillent |
| imperfect | assaloie, assaleie, assailloie, assailleie | assaloies, assaleies, assailloies, assailleies | assaloit, assaleit, assailloit, assailleit | assaliiens, assaliens, assailliiens, assailliens | assaliiez, assaliez, assailliiez, assailliez | assaloient, assaleient, assailloient, assailleient | |
| preterite | assali, assailli | assalis, assaillis | assali, assailli | assalimes, assaillimes | assalistes, assaillistes | assalirent, assaillirent | |
| future | assaudrai | assaudras | assaudra | assaudrons | assaudroiz, assaudreiz, assaudrez | assaudront | |
| conditional | assaudroie, assaudreie | assaudroies, assaudreies | assaudroit, assaudreit | assaudriiens, assaudriens | assaudriiez, assaudriez | assaudroient, assaudreient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | assaille | assailles | assaille | assailliens, assaillons | assailliez | assaillent |
| imperfect | assaillise | assaillises | assaillit | assaillisons, assaillisiens | assaillisoiz, assaillisez, assaillisiez | assaillisent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | assail | — | assalons, assaillons | assalez, assailliez | — | ||
Descendants
- French: assaillir
- Norman: assailli
- → Middle English: assailen, assaillen, assaille, assaylle, asailen, assaile, assayle, saile, sayll, saylen, sailen, saillen, sayle, seællen, a-sayle
References
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “*assalīre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 25: Refonte Apaideutos–Azymus, page 503