axo
Basque
Etymology
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /aʃo/ [a.ʃo]
- Rhymes: -aʃo, -o
- Hyphenation: a‧xo
Noun
axo anim
Declension
| indefinite | singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| absolutive | axo | axoa | axoak |
| ergative | axok | axoak | axoek |
| dative | axori | axoari | axoei |
| genitive | axoren | axoaren | axoen |
| comitative | axorekin | axoarekin | axoekin |
| causative | axorengatik | axoarengatik | axoengatik |
| benefactive | axorentzat | axoarentzat | axoentzat |
| instrumental | axoz | axoaz | axoez |
| inessive | axorengan | axoarengan | axoengan |
| locative | — | — | — |
| allative | axorengana | axoarengana | axoengana |
| terminative | axorenganaino | axoarenganaino | axoenganaino |
| directive | axorenganantz | axoarenganantz | axoenganantz |
| destinative | axorenganako | axoarenganako | axoenganako |
| ablative | axorengandik | axoarengandik | axoengandik |
| partitive | axorik | — | — |
| prolative | axotzat | — | — |
Further reading
- “axo”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]
- “axo”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005
Galician
Verb
axo
Ido
Etymology
Borrowed from Esperanto akso, English axis, axle, French axe, German Achse, Italian asse, Russian ось (osʹ), Spanish eje, most from Latin axis.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈakso/
Noun
axo (plural axi)
Latin
Etymology
Uncertain. Ultimately from the root Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵ- (“to say”).[1] Nussbaum considers the term to be a sā-present. Such terms were developed ultimately from a Proto-Indo-European present formed from the suffix *-seti, which was then converted into a noun (presumably via the suffixation of *-éh₂), followed by the addition of a denominative verb suffix. The original s-present is attested in Proto-Tocharian *āks-.[2][3]
Compare Latin aiō (“I say”), adagium (“proverb”), Ancient Greek ἠμί (ēmí, “to say”), Old Armenian ասեմ (asem, “to say”).[4]
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈak.soː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈak.so]
Verb
axō (present infinitive axāre, perfect active axāvī, supine axātum); first conjugation
Conjugation
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||||
| active | present | axō | axās | axat | axāmus | axātis | axant | ||||||
| imperfect | axābam | axābās | axābat | axābāmus | axābātis | axābant | |||||||
| future | axābō | axābis | axābit | axābimus | axābitis | axābunt | |||||||
| perfect | axāvī | axāvistī | axāvit | axāvimus | axāvistis | axāvērunt, axāvēre | |||||||
| pluperfect | axāveram | axāverās | axāverat | axāverāmus | axāverātis | axāverant | |||||||
| future perfect | axāverō | axāveris | axāverit | axāverimus | axāveritis | axāverint | |||||||
| passive | present | axor | axāris, axāre |
axātur | axāmur | axāminī | axantur | ||||||
| imperfect | axābar | axābāris, axābāre |
axābātur | axābāmur | axābāminī | axābantur | |||||||
| future | axābor | axāberis, axābere |
axābitur | axābimur | axābiminī | axābuntur | |||||||
| perfect | axātus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||||||||
| pluperfect | axātus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||||||||
| future perfect | axātus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||||
| active | present | axem | axēs | axet | axēmus | axētis | axent | ||||||
| imperfect | axārem | axārēs | axāret | axārēmus | axārētis | axārent | |||||||
| perfect | axāverim | axāverīs | axāverit | axāverīmus | axāverītis | axāverint | |||||||
| pluperfect | axāvissem | axāvissēs | axāvisset | axāvissēmus | axāvissētis | axāvissent | |||||||
| passive | present | axer | axēris, axēre |
axētur | axēmur | axēminī | axentur | ||||||
| imperfect | axārer | axārēris, axārēre |
axārētur | axārēmur | axārēminī | axārentur | |||||||
| perfect | axātus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||||||||
| pluperfect | axātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||||
| active | present | — | axā | — | — | axāte | — | ||||||
| future | — | axātō | axātō | — | axātōte | axantō | |||||||
| passive | present | — | axāre | — | — | axāminī | — | ||||||
| future | — | axātor | axātor | — | — | axantor | |||||||
| non-finite forms | infinitive | participle | |||||||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||
| present | axāre | axārī | axāns | — | |||||||||
| future | axātūrum esse | axātum īrī | axātūrus | axandus | |||||||||
| perfect | axāvisse | axātum esse | — | axātus | |||||||||
| future perfect | — | axātum fore | — | — | |||||||||
| perfect potential | axātūrum fuisse | — | — | — | |||||||||
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||||||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||||||||
| axandī | axandō | axandum | axandō | axātum | axātū | ||||||||
Derived terms
References
- “axare”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- axo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 32
- ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “āks-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 41
- ^ Nussbaum, Alan J. (1 January 2021) “Spēs Exploration”, in Studies in General and Historical Linguistics Offered to Jón Axel Harðarson[1], page 18
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “ēg-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 290-291
Mezquital Otomi
Noun
axo