backwardness

English

Etymology

From backward +‎ -ness.

Noun

backwardness (countable and uncountable, plural backwardnesses)

The state of being backward.
Reluctance.

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:backwardness.

Translations

state of being backward

Arabic: تَخَلُّف m (taḵalluf)
Gulf Arabic: تخلف m (taḵalluf)
Bulgarian: назадничавост (bg) (nazadničavost), изостаналост (bg) (izostanalost)
Finnish: takaperoisuus (fi), takapajuisuus (fi), vanhanaikaisuus (fi), jälkeenjääneisyys
French: arriération (fr) f, retard (fr)
Mongolian: хоцрогдсон байдал (xocrogdson bajdal)
Polish: zacofanie (pl) n, średniowiecze (pl) n
Romanian: înapoiere (ro) f
Russian: отста́лость (ru) f (otstálostʹ)
Swedish: underutveckling

reluctance

Finnish: vastahakoisuus (fi)
Polish: zacofanie (pl) n

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Central Kurdish: ^{(please verify)} دواکەوتویی (dwakewtuyî), ^{(please verify)} پاشکەوتویی (paşkewtuyî)
Italian: ^{(please verify)} arretratezza (it) f