besogner
French
Etymology
From Frankish *bisunnjōn.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bə.zɔ.ɲe/
Audio: (file)
Verb
besogner
- (intransitive) to toil, drudge, slave away
Conjugation
Conjugation of besogner (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | besogner | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | besognant /bə.zɔ.ɲɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | besogné /bə.zɔ.ɲe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | besogne /bə.zɔɲ/ |
besognes /bə.zɔɲ/ |
besogne /bə.zɔɲ/ |
besognons /bə.zɔ.ɲɔ̃/ |
besognez /bə.zɔ.ɲe/ |
besognent /bə.zɔɲ/ |
| imperfect | besognais /bə.zɔ.ɲɛ/ |
besognais /bə.zɔ.ɲɛ/ |
besognait /bə.zɔ.ɲɛ/ |
besognions /bə.zɔ.ɲjɔ̃/ |
besogniez /bə.zɔ.ɲje/ |
besognaient /bə.zɔ.ɲɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | besognai /bə.zɔ.ɲe/ |
besognas /bə.zɔ.ɲa/ |
besogna /bə.zɔ.ɲa/ |
besognâmes /bə.zɔ.ɲam/ |
besognâtes /bə.zɔ.ɲat/ |
besognèrent /bə.zɔ.ɲɛʁ/ | |
| future | besognerai /bə.zɔ.ɲə.ʁe/ |
besogneras /bə.zɔ.ɲə.ʁa/ |
besognera /bə.zɔ.ɲə.ʁa/ |
besognerons /bə.zɔ.ɲə.ʁɔ̃/ |
besognerez /bə.zɔ.ɲə.ʁe/ |
besogneront /bə.zɔ.ɲə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | besognerais /bə.zɔ.ɲə.ʁɛ/ |
besognerais /bə.zɔ.ɲə.ʁɛ/ |
besognerait /bə.zɔ.ɲə.ʁɛ/ |
besognerions /bə.zɔ.ɲə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
besogneriez /bə.zɔ.ɲə.ʁje/ |
besogneraient /bə.zɔ.ɲə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | besogne /bə.zɔɲ/ |
besognes /bə.zɔɲ/ |
besogne /bə.zɔɲ/ |
besognions /bə.zɔ.ɲjɔ̃/ |
besogniez /bə.zɔ.ɲje/ |
besognent /bə.zɔɲ/ |
| imperfect2 | besognasse /bə.zɔ.ɲas/ |
besognasses /bə.zɔ.ɲas/ |
besognât /bə.zɔ.ɲa/ |
besognassions /bə.zɔ.ɲa.sjɔ̃/ |
besognassiez /bə.zɔ.ɲa.sje/ |
besognassent /bə.zɔ.ɲas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | besogne /bə.zɔɲ/ |
— | besognons /bə.zɔ.ɲɔ̃/ |
besognez /bə.zɔ.ɲe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “besogner”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.