bhosha
Zulu
Verb
-bhósha
Inflection
| positive | negative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | ukubhosha | ukungabhoshi | ||||
| imperative | ||||||
| simple | + object concord | |||||
| singular | bhosha | -bhoshe | ||||
| plural | bhoshani | -bhosheni | ||||
| present | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyabhosha, ngibhosha | engibhoshayo, engibhosha | ngibhosha | angibhoshi | engingabhoshi | ngingabhoshi |
| 2nd singular | uyabhosha, ubhosha | obhoshayo, obhosha | ubhosha | awubhoshi | ongabhoshi | ungabhoshi |
| 1st plural | siyabhosha, sibhosha | esibhoshayo, esibhosha | sibhosha | asibhoshi | esingabhoshi | singabhoshi |
| 2nd plural | niyabhosha, nibhosha | enibhoshayo, enibhosha | nibhosha | anibhoshi | eningabhoshi | ningabhoshi |
| class 1 | uyabhosha, ubhosha | obhoshayo, obhosha | ebhosha | akabhoshi | ongabhoshi | engabhoshi |
| class 2 | bayabhosha, babhosha | ababhoshayo, ababhosha | bebhosha | ababhoshi | abangabhoshi | bengabhoshi |
| class 3 | uyabhosha, ubhosha | obhoshayo, obhosha | ubhosha | awubhoshi | ongabhoshi | ungabhoshi |
| class 4 | iyabhosha, ibhosha | ebhoshayo, ebhosha | ibhosha | ayibhoshi | engabhoshi | ingabhoshi |
| class 5 | liyabhosha, libhosha | elibhoshayo, elibhosha | libhosha | alibhoshi | elingabhoshi | lingabhoshi |
| class 6 | ayabhosha, abhosha | abhoshayo, abhosha | ebhosha | awabhoshi | angabhoshi | engabhoshi |
| class 7 | siyabhosha, sibhosha | esibhoshayo, esibhosha | sibhosha | asibhoshi | esingabhoshi | singabhoshi |
| class 8 | ziyabhosha, zibhosha | ezibhoshayo, ezibhosha | zibhosha | azibhoshi | ezingabhoshi | zingabhoshi |
| class 9 | iyabhosha, ibhosha | ebhoshayo, ebhosha | ibhosha | ayibhoshi | engabhoshi | ingabhoshi |
| class 10 | ziyabhosha, zibhosha | ezibhoshayo, ezibhosha | zibhosha | azibhoshi | ezingabhoshi | zingabhoshi |
| class 11 | luyabhosha, lubhosha | olubhoshayo, olubhosha | lubhosha | alubhoshi | olungabhoshi | lungabhoshi |
| class 14 | buyabhosha, bubhosha | obubhoshayo, obubhosha | bubhosha | abubhoshi | obungabhoshi | bungabhoshi |
| class 15 | kuyabhosha, kubhosha | okubhoshayo, okubhosha | kubhosha | akubhoshi | okungabhoshi | kungabhoshi |
| class 17 | kuyabhosha, kubhosha | okubhoshayo, okubhosha | kubhosha | akubhoshi | okungabhoshi | kungabhoshi |
| recent past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngibhoshile, ngibhoshē | engibhoshile, engibhoshē | ngibhoshile, ngibhoshē | angibhoshanga | engingabhoshanga | ngingabhoshanga |
| 2nd singular | ubhoshile, ubhoshē | obhoshile, obhoshē | ubhoshile, ubhoshē | awubhoshanga | ongabhoshanga | ungabhoshanga |
| 1st plural | sibhoshile, sibhoshē | esibhoshile, esibhoshē | sibhoshile, sibhoshē | asibhoshanga | esingabhoshanga | singabhoshanga |
| 2nd plural | nibhoshile, nibhoshē | enibhoshile, enibhoshē | nibhoshile, nibhoshē | anibhoshanga | eningabhoshanga | ningabhoshanga |
| class 1 | ubhoshile, ubhoshē | obhoshile, obhoshē | ebhoshile, ebhoshē | akabhoshanga | ongabhoshanga | engabhoshanga |
| class 2 | babhoshile, babhoshē | ababhoshile, ababhoshē | bebhoshile, bebhoshē | ababhoshanga | abangabhoshanga | bengabhoshanga |
| class 3 | ubhoshile, ubhoshē | obhoshile, obhoshē | ubhoshile, ubhoshē | awubhoshanga | ongabhoshanga | ungabhoshanga |
| class 4 | ibhoshile, ibhoshē | ebhoshile, ebhoshē | ibhoshile, ibhoshē | ayibhoshanga | engabhoshanga | ingabhoshanga |
| class 5 | libhoshile, libhoshē | elibhoshile, elibhoshē | libhoshile, libhoshē | alibhoshanga | elingabhoshanga | lingabhoshanga |
| class 6 | abhoshile, abhoshē | abhoshile, abhoshē | ebhoshile, ebhoshē | awabhoshanga | angabhoshanga | engabhoshanga |
| class 7 | sibhoshile, sibhoshē | esibhoshile, esibhoshē | sibhoshile, sibhoshē | asibhoshanga | esingabhoshanga | singabhoshanga |
| class 8 | zibhoshile, zibhoshē | ezibhoshile, ezibhoshē | zibhoshile, zibhoshē | azibhoshanga | ezingabhoshanga | zingabhoshanga |
| class 9 | ibhoshile, ibhoshē | ebhoshile, ebhoshē | ibhoshile, ibhoshē | ayibhoshanga | engabhoshanga | ingabhoshanga |
| class 10 | zibhoshile, zibhoshē | ezibhoshile, ezibhoshē | zibhoshile, zibhoshē | azibhoshanga | ezingabhoshanga | zingabhoshanga |
| class 11 | lubhoshile, lubhoshē | olubhoshile, olubhoshē | lubhoshile, lubhoshē | alubhoshanga | olungabhoshanga | lungabhoshanga |
| class 14 | bubhoshile, bubhoshē | obubhoshile, obubhoshē | bubhoshile, bubhoshē | abubhoshanga | obungabhoshanga | bungabhoshanga |
| class 15 | kubhoshile, kubhoshē | okubhoshile, okubhoshē | kubhoshile, kubhoshē | akubhoshanga | okungabhoshanga | kungabhoshanga |
| class 17 | kubhoshile, kubhoshē | okubhoshile, okubhoshē | kubhoshile, kubhoshē | akubhoshanga | okungabhoshanga | kungabhoshanga |
| remote past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngābhosha | engābhosha | ngābhosha | angibhoshanga | engingabhoshanga | ngingabhoshanga |
| 2nd singular | wābhosha | owābhosha | wābhosha | awubhoshanga | ongabhoshanga | ungabhoshanga |
| 1st plural | sābhosha | esābhosha | sābhosha | asibhoshanga | esingabhoshanga | singabhoshanga |
| 2nd plural | nābhosha | enābhosha | nābhosha | anibhoshanga | eningabhoshanga | ningabhoshanga |
| class 1 | wābhosha | owābhosha | ābhosha | akabhoshanga | ongabhoshanga | engabhoshanga |
| class 2 | bābhosha | abābhosha | bābhosha | ababhoshanga | abangabhoshanga | bengabhoshanga |
| class 3 | wābhosha | owābhosha | wābhosha | awubhoshanga | ongabhoshanga | ungabhoshanga |
| class 4 | yābhosha | eyābhosha | yābhosha | ayibhoshanga | engabhoshanga | ingabhoshanga |
| class 5 | lābhosha | elābhosha | lābhosha | alibhoshanga | elingabhoshanga | lingabhoshanga |
| class 6 | ābhosha | ābhosha | ābhosha | awabhoshanga | angabhoshanga | engabhoshanga |
| class 7 | sābhosha | esābhosha | sābhosha | asibhoshanga | esingabhoshanga | singabhoshanga |
| class 8 | zābhosha | ezābhosha | zābhosha | azibhoshanga | ezingabhoshanga | zingabhoshanga |
| class 9 | yābhosha | eyābhosha | yābhosha | ayibhoshanga | engabhoshanga | ingabhoshanga |
| class 10 | zābhosha | ezābhosha | zābhosha | azibhoshanga | ezingabhoshanga | zingabhoshanga |
| class 11 | lwābhosha | olwābhosha | lwābhosha | alubhoshanga | olungabhoshanga | lungabhoshanga |
| class 14 | bābhosha | obābhosha | bābhosha | abubhoshanga | obungabhoshanga | bungabhoshanga |
| class 15 | kwābhosha | okwābhosha | kwābhosha | akubhoshanga | okungabhoshanga | kungabhoshanga |
| class 17 | kwābhosha | okwābhosha | kwābhosha | akubhoshanga | okungabhoshanga | kungabhoshanga |
| potential | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngingabhosha | — | ngingabhosha | ngingebhoshe | — | ngingebhoshe |
| 2nd singular | ungabhosha | — | ungabhosha | ungebhoshe | — | ungebhoshe |
| 1st plural | singabhosha | — | singabhosha | singebhoshe | — | singebhoshe |
| 2nd plural | ningabhosha | — | ningabhosha | ningebhoshe | — | ningebhoshe |
| class 1 | angabhosha | — | engabhosha | angebhoshe | — | engebhoshe |
| class 2 | bangabhosha | — | bengabhosha | bangebhoshe | — | bengebhoshe |
| class 3 | ungabhosha | — | ungabhosha | ungebhoshe | — | ungebhoshe |
| class 4 | ingabhosha | — | ingabhosha | ingebhoshe | — | ingebhoshe |
| class 5 | lingabhosha | — | lingabhosha | lingebhoshe | — | lingebhoshe |
| class 6 | angabhosha | — | engabhosha | angebhoshe | — | engebhoshe |
| class 7 | singabhosha | — | singabhosha | singebhoshe | — | singebhoshe |
| class 8 | zingabhosha | — | zingabhosha | zingebhoshe | — | zingebhoshe |
| class 9 | ingabhosha | — | ingabhosha | ingebhoshe | — | ingebhoshe |
| class 10 | zingabhosha | — | zingabhosha | zingebhoshe | — | zingebhoshe |
| class 11 | lungabhosha | — | lungabhosha | lungebhoshe | — | lungebhoshe |
| class 14 | bungabhosha | — | bungabhosha | bungebhoshe | — | bungebhoshe |
| class 15 | kungabhosha | — | kungabhosha | kungebhoshe | — | kungebhoshe |
| class 17 | kungabhosha | — | kungabhosha | kungebhoshe | — | kungebhoshe |
| immediate future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngizobhosha | engizobhosha | ngizobhosha | angizubhosha | engingezubhosha | ngingezubhosha |
| 2nd singular | uzobhosha | ozobhosha | uzobhosha | awuzubhosha | ongezubhosha | ungezubhosha |
| 1st plural | sizobhosha | esizobhosha | sizobhosha | asizubhosha | esingezubhosha | singezubhosha |
| 2nd plural | nizobhosha | enizobhosha | nizobhosha | anizubhosha | eningezubhosha | ningezubhosha |
| class 1 | uzobhosha | ozobhosha | ezobhosha | akazubhosha | ongezubhosha | engezubhosha |
| class 2 | bazobhosha | abazobhosha | bezobhosha | abazubhosha | abangezubhosha | bengezubhosha |
| class 3 | uzobhosha | ozobhosha | uzobhosha | awuzubhosha | ongezubhosha | ungezubhosha |
| class 4 | izobhosha | ezobhosha | izobhosha | ayizubhosha | engezubhosha | ingezubhosha |
| class 5 | lizobhosha | elizobhosha | lizobhosha | alizubhosha | elingezubhosha | lingezubhosha |
| class 6 | azobhosha | azobhosha | ezobhosha | awazubhosha | angezubhosha | engezubhosha |
| class 7 | sizobhosha | esizobhosha | sizobhosha | asizubhosha | esingezubhosha | singezubhosha |
| class 8 | zizobhosha | ezizobhosha | zizobhosha | azizubhosha | ezingezubhosha | zingezubhosha |
| class 9 | izobhosha | ezobhosha | izobhosha | ayizubhosha | engezubhosha | ingezubhosha |
| class 10 | zizobhosha | ezizobhosha | zizobhosha | azizubhosha | ezingezubhosha | zingezubhosha |
| class 11 | luzobhosha | oluzobhosha | luzobhosha | aluzubhosha | olungezubhosha | lungezubhosha |
| class 14 | buzobhosha | obuzobhosha | buzobhosha | abuzubhosha | obungezubhosha | bungezubhosha |
| class 15 | kuzobhosha | okuzobhosha | kuzobhosha | akuzubhosha | okungezubhosha | kungezubhosha |
| class 17 | kuzobhosha | okuzobhosha | kuzobhosha | akuzubhosha | okungezubhosha | kungezubhosha |
| remote future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyobhosha | engiyobhosha | ngiyobhosha | angiyubhosha | engingeyubhosha | ngingeyubhosha |
| 2nd singular | uyobhosha | oyobhosha | uyobhosha | awuyubhosha | ongeyubhosha | ungeyubhosha |
| 1st plural | siyobhosha | esiyobhosha | siyobhosha | asiyubhosha | esingeyubhosha | singeyubhosha |
| 2nd plural | niyobhosha | eniyobhosha | niyobhosha | aniyubhosha | eningeyubhosha | ningeyubhosha |
| class 1 | uyobhosha | oyobhosha | eyobhosha | akayubhosha | ongeyubhosha | engeyubhosha |
| class 2 | bayobhosha | abayobhosha | beyobhosha | abayubhosha | abangeyubhosha | bengeyubhosha |
| class 3 | uyobhosha | oyobhosha | uyobhosha | awuyubhosha | ongeyubhosha | ungeyubhosha |
| class 4 | iyobhosha | eyobhosha | iyobhosha | ayiyubhosha | engeyubhosha | ingeyubhosha |
| class 5 | liyobhosha | eliyobhosha | liyobhosha | aliyubhosha | elingeyubhosha | lingeyubhosha |
| class 6 | ayobhosha | ayobhosha | eyobhosha | awayubhosha | angeyubhosha | engeyubhosha |
| class 7 | siyobhosha | esiyobhosha | siyobhosha | asiyubhosha | esingeyubhosha | singeyubhosha |
| class 8 | ziyobhosha | eziyobhosha | ziyobhosha | aziyubhosha | ezingeyubhosha | zingeyubhosha |
| class 9 | iyobhosha | eyobhosha | iyobhosha | ayiyubhosha | engeyubhosha | ingeyubhosha |
| class 10 | ziyobhosha | eziyobhosha | ziyobhosha | aziyubhosha | ezingeyubhosha | zingeyubhosha |
| class 11 | luyobhosha | oluyobhosha | luyobhosha | aluyubhosha | olungeyubhosha | lungeyubhosha |
| class 14 | buyobhosha | obuyobhosha | buyobhosha | abuyubhosha | obungeyubhosha | bungeyubhosha |
| class 15 | kuyobhosha | okuyobhosha | kuyobhosha | akuyubhosha | okungeyubhosha | kungeyubhosha |
| class 17 | kuyobhosha | okuyobhosha | kuyobhosha | akuyubhosha | okungeyubhosha | kungeyubhosha |
| present subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngibhoshe | ngingabhoshi | ||||
| 2nd singular | ubhoshe | ungabhoshi | ||||
| 1st plural | sibhoshe | singabhoshi | ||||
| 2nd plural | nibhoshe | ningabhoshi | ||||
| class 1 | abhoshe | angabhoshi | ||||
| class 2 | babhoshe | bangabhoshi | ||||
| class 3 | ubhoshe | ungabhoshi | ||||
| class 4 | ibhoshe | ingabhoshi | ||||
| class 5 | libhoshe | lingabhoshi | ||||
| class 6 | abhoshe | angabhoshi | ||||
| class 7 | sibhoshe | singabhoshi | ||||
| class 8 | zibhoshe | zingabhoshi | ||||
| class 9 | ibhoshe | ingabhoshi | ||||
| class 10 | zibhoshe | zingabhoshi | ||||
| class 11 | lubhoshe | lungabhoshi | ||||
| class 14 | bubhoshe | bungabhoshi | ||||
| class 15 | kubhoshe | kungabhoshi | ||||
| class 17 | kubhoshe | kungabhoshi | ||||
| past subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngabhosha | ngangabhosha, angabhosha, angangabhosha | ||||
| 2nd singular | wabhosha | wangabhosha, awabhosha, awangabhosha | ||||
| 1st plural | sabhosha | sangabhosha, asabhosha, asangabhosha | ||||
| 2nd plural | nabhosha | nangabhosha, anabhosha, anangabhosha | ||||
| class 1 | wabhosha | wangabhosha, akabhosha, akangabhosha | ||||
| class 2 | babhosha | bangabhosha, ababhosha, abangabhosha | ||||
| class 3 | wabhosha | wangabhosha, awabhosha, awangabhosha | ||||
| class 4 | yabhosha | yangabhosha, ayabhosha, ayangabhosha | ||||
| class 5 | labhosha | langabhosha, alabhosha, alangabhosha | ||||
| class 6 | abhosha | angabhosha, awabhosha, awangabhosha | ||||
| class 7 | sabhosha | sangabhosha, asabhosha, asangabhosha | ||||
| class 8 | zabhosha | zangabhosha, azabhosha, azangabhosha | ||||
| class 9 | yabhosha | yangabhosha, ayabhosha, ayangabhosha | ||||
| class 10 | zabhosha | zangabhosha, azabhosha, azangabhosha | ||||
| class 11 | lwabhosha | lwangabhosha, alwabhosha, alwangabhosha | ||||
| class 14 | babhosha | bangabhosha, ababhosha, abangabhosha | ||||
| class 15 | kwabhosha | kwangabhosha, akwabhosha, akwangabhosha | ||||
| class 17 | kwabhosha | kwangabhosha, akwabhosha, akwangabhosha | ||||
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “bosha”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “bosha (3.9)”