bolg

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish bolg, from Proto-Celtic *bolgos.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈbˠɔl̪ˠəɡ/[1], /ˈbˠɔlˠəɡ/[2]
  • (Aran) IPA(key): /ˈbˠɔlək/[3]

Noun

bolg m (genitive singular boilg, nominative plural boilg)

  1. belly, stomach, abdomen
  2. (by extension) bellyful
  3. (geology, astronomy, etc.) bulge, broad part, middle (of equator, galaxy, etc.)
  4. bag
  5. (nautical) hold (of ship)
  6. (nautical) bunt, belly (of sail)

Declension

Declension of bolg (first declension)
bare forms
singular plural
nominative bolg boilg
vocative a bhoilg a bholga
genitive boilg bolg
dative bolg boilg
forms with the definite article
singular plural
nominative an bolg na boilg
genitive an bhoilg na mbolg
dative leis an mbolg
don bholg 		leis na boilg

Derived terms

  • ar bholg an chuain (“in the open harbour”)
  • ar bholg na sráide (“in the open street”)
  • banda boilg (“belly-band”)
  • boilg m pl (“bellows”)
  • boilg an daorghalair (“haemorrhoids”)
  • boilg fola (“glanders”)
  • boilg gabha (“smith's bellows”)
  • boilg leanna (“waters”)
  • bolg bairille (“bilge of barrel”)
  • bolg béice (“puff-ball”)
  • bolg lampa (“bowl of lamp”)
  • bolg le gréin (“sunbathing”)
  • bolg loinge (“hold of ship”)
  • bolg rite (“distended, full stomach”)
  • bolg saighead (“quiver”)
  • bolg seoil (“belly of sail”)
  • bolg snámha (“air-bladder”)
  • bolg soláthair (“corpus, miscellany”)
  • bolg stoca (“fat indolent person”)
  • bolgach
  • cos ar bolg (“oppression”)
  • crua sa bholg (“constipated”)
  • daigh bhoilg (“stomachache”)
  • do bholg a líonadh (“eat one's fill”)
  • fead bhoilg (“shrill sound in breathing”)
  • i mbolg an tsamhraidh (“during the longest days of the summer”)
  • i mbolg na bliana (“during the longest days of the year”)

Verb

bolg (present analytic bolgann, future analytic bolgfaidh, verbal noun bolgadh, past participle bolgtha) (ambitransitive)

  1. bulge
  2. blister

Conjugation

conjugation of bolg (first conjugation – A)
verbal noun bolgadh
past participle bolgtha
tense singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative
present bolgaim bolgann tú;
bolgair† 		bolgann sé, sí bolgaimid bolgann sibh bolgann siad;
bolgaid† 		a bholgann; a bholgas /
a mbolgann* 		bolgtar
past bholg mé; bholgas bholg tú; bholgais bholg sé, sí bholgamar; bholg muid bholg sibh; bholgabhair bholg siad; bholgadar a bholg /
ar bholg* 		bolgadh
past habitual bholgainn / mbolgainn‡‡ bholgtá / mbolgtᇇ bholgadh sé, sí / mbolgadh sé, s퇇 bholgaimis; bholgadh muid / mbolgaimis‡‡; mbolgadh muid‡‡ bholgadh sibh / mbolgadh sibh‡‡ bholgaidís; bholgadh siad / mbolgaidís‡‡; mbolgadh siad‡‡ a bholgadh /
a mbolgadh* 		bholgtaí / mbolgta퇇
future bolgfaidh mé;
bolgfad 		bolgfaidh tú;
bolgfair† 		bolgfaidh sé, sí bolgfaimid;
bolgfaidh muid 		bolgfaidh sibh bolgfaidh siad;
bolgfaid† 		a bholgfaidh; a bholgfas /
a mbolgfaidh* 		bolgfar
conditional bholgfainn / mbolgfainn‡‡ bholgfá / mbolgfᇇ bholgfadh sé, sí / mbolgfadh sé, s퇇 bholgfaimis; bholgfadh muid / mbolgfaimis‡‡; mbolgfadh muid‡‡ bholgfadh sibh / mbolgfadh sibh‡‡ bholgfaidís; bholgfadh siad / mbolgfaidís‡‡; mbolgfadh siad‡‡ a bholgfadh /
a mbolgfadh* 		bholgfaí / mbolgfa퇇
subjunctive
present go mbolga mé;
go mbolgad† 		go mbolga tú;
go mbolgair† 		go mbolga sé, sí go mbolgaimid;
go mbolga muid 		go mbolga sibh go mbolga siad;
go mbolgaid† 		— go mbolgtar
past dá mbolgainn dá mbolgtá dá mbolgadh sé, sí dá mbolgaimis;
dá mbolgadh muid 		dá mbolgadh sibh dá mbolgaidís;
dá mbolgadh siad 		— dá mbolgtaí
imperative
– bolgaim bolg bolgadh sé, sí bolgaimis bolgaigí;
bolgaidh† 		bolgaidís — bolgtar

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Descendants

  • →⇒ Yola: wurgheere (< bhoilg)

Mutation

Mutated forms of bolg
radical lenition eclipsis
bolg bholg mbolg

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 244, page 123
  2. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 138, page 53
  3. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 47

Further reading

  • Dinneen, Patrick S. (1927) “bolg”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 2nd edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 108; reprinted with additions 1996, →ISBN
  • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “bolg”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
  • de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “bolg”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
  • “bolg”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2025

Manx

Etymology

From Old Irish bolg, from Proto-Celtic *bolgos.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /bolɡ/

Noun

bolg m (genitive singular bolgey, plural builg)

  1. belly, stomach, abdomen, tummy
  2. corporation
  3. bilge
  4. bowl (of lamp)

Derived terms

  • bolgagh

Mutation

Mutation of bolg
radical lenition eclipsis
bolg volg molg

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Manx.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

Old Irish

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /bolɡ/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *bolgos (“belly”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰelǵʰ- (“to swell”).

Noun

bolg m (genitive builg, nominative plural builg)

  1. belly, stomach
  2. bag, satchel
  3. bellows
Inflection
Masculine o-stem
singular dual plural
nominative bolg bolgL builgL
vocative builg bolgL bolguH
accusative bolgN bolgL bolguH
genitive builgL bolg bolgN
dative bolgL bolgaib bolgaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization
Derived terms
  • airbolg
Descendants

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

bolg f (genitive unattested, nominative plural bolga)

  1. blister, bubble, puffball
  2. bud
  3. boss
Inflection
Feminine ā-stem
singular dual plural
nominative bolgL builgL bolgaH
vocative bolgL builgL bolgaH
accusative builgN builgL bolgaH
genitive builgeH bolgL bolgN
dative builgL bolgaib bolgaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Mutation

Mutation of bolg
radical lenition nasalization
bolg bolg
pronounced with /β-/		 mbolg

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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