cadw

Welsh

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *kat-wo-, from Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (“to protect”). Cognate with English hat, English heed, Latin cassis.[1]

Pronunciation

Verb

cadw (first-person singular present cadwaf)

  1. to keep
  2. to book (reserve)
  3. (computing) to save

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future cadwaf cedwi ceidw cadwn cedwch cadwant cedwir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional cadwn cadwit cadwai cadwem cadwech cadwent cedwid
preterite cedwais cedwaist cadwodd cadwasom cadwasoch cadwasant cadwyd
pluperfect cadwaswn cadwasit cadwasai cadwasem cadwasech cadwasent cadwasid, cadwesid
present subjunctive cadwyf cedwych cadwo cadwom cadwoch cadwont cadwer
imperative — cadw, cadwa cadwed cadwn cedwch cadwent cadwer
verbal noun
verbal adjectives cadwedig
cadwadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
inflected
colloquial forms 		singular plural
first second third first second third
future cadwa i,
cadwaf i 		cadwi di cadwith o/e/hi,
cadwiff e/hi 		cadwn ni cadwch chi cadwan nhw
conditional cadwn i,
cadwswn i 		cadwet ti,
cadwset ti 		cadwai fo/fe/hi,
cadwsai fo/fe/hi 		cadwen ni,
cadwsen ni 		cadwech chi,
cadwsech chi 		cadwen nhw,
cadwsen nhw
preterite cadwais i,
cadwes i 		cadwaist ti,
cadwest ti 		cadwodd o/e/hi cadwon ni cadwoch chi cadwon nhw
imperative — cadwa — — cadwch —

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

  • Alternative third-person singular subjunctive (literary): cato

Derived terms

  • cadw draenog yn boced un (“to be tightfisted, mean with money”, literally “to keep a hedgehog in one's pocket”)
  • cadw draw (“to keep away”)
  • cadw-mi-gei (“money box”)
  • cadwraeth (“conservation”)
  • ceidwad (“keeper”)
  • gwarchod (“to guard”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of cadw
radical soft nasal aspirate
cadw gadw nghadw chadw

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 202 v

Further reading

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cadwaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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