Navajo
Etymology
chʼí- (“out horizontally”) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + -◌́- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, causative) + -tsʼǫǫd (imperfective stem of root -TSʼǪ́Ǫ́D, “to stretch”).
Verb
chʼííłtsʼǫǫd
- he/she is stretching or pulling it out horizontally (a rope, a wire)
Conjugation
Paradigm: Momentaneous (ni/ni), with partial da-shift.
| imperfective
|
singular
|
duoplural
|
plural
|
| 1st person
|
chʼínístsʼǫǫd
|
chʼíniiltsʼǫǫd
|
chʼídaniiltsʼǫǫd
|
| 2nd person
|
chʼíníłtsʼǫǫd
|
chʼínółtsʼǫǫd
|
chʼídanołtsʼǫǫd
|
| 3rd person
|
chʼííłtsʼǫǫd
|
chʼídeíłtsʼǫǫd
|
| 4th person
|
chʼíjíłtsʼǫǫd
|
chʼídajíłtsʼǫǫd
|
| perfective
|
singular
|
duoplural
|
plural
|
| 1st person
|
chʼíníłtsʼǫ́ǫ́d
|
chʼíniiltsʼǫ́ǫ́d
|
chʼídaniiltsʼǫ́ǫ́d
|
| 2nd person
|
chʼííníłtsʼǫ́ǫ́d
|
chʼínoołtsʼǫ́ǫ́d
|
chʼídanoołtsʼǫ́ǫ́d
|
| 3rd person
|
chʼíiníłtsʼǫ́ǫ́d
|
chʼídeistsʼǫ́ǫ́d
|
| 4th person
|
chʼízhníłtsʼǫ́ǫ́d
|
chʼídajistsʼǫ́ǫ́d
|
| future
|
singular
|
duoplural
|
plural
|
| 1st person
|
chʼídeestsʼǫł
|
chʼídiiltsʼǫł
|
chʼídadiiltsʼǫł
|
| 2nd person
|
chʼídííłtsʼǫł
|
chʼídoołtsʼǫł
|
chʼídadoołtsʼǫł
|
| 3rd person
|
chʼíidoołtsʼǫł
|
chʼídeidoołtsʼǫł
|
| 4th person
|
chʼízhdoołtsʼǫł
|
chʼídazhdoołtsʼǫł
|
Verbal stems
- IMPERFECTIVE: -tsʼǫǫd
- PERFECTIVE: -tsʼǫ́ǫ́d
- FUTURE: -tsʼǫł
- ITERATIVE: -tsʼǫʼ
- OPTATIVE: -tsʼǫǫd