cirman
Old English
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *karmijan; equivalent to ċyrm (“noise”) + -an.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈt͡ʃir.mɑn/, [ˈt͡ʃirˠ.mɑn]
Verb
ċirman
- (intransitive) to make a noise, chirm, cry out, shout
- 10th century, Exeter Book Riddle 8[1]:
- Iċ… hlūde ċirme, healde mīne wīsan, hlēoþre ne mīþe,…
- I… loudly cry out, hold my tone, don't hide a sound,…
Conjugation
Conjugation of ċirman (weak, class 1)
| infinitive | ċirman | ċirmenne |
|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | present tense | past tense |
| first person singular | ċirme | ċirmde |
| second person singular | ċirmest, ċirmst | ċirmdest |
| third person singular | ċirmeþ, ċirmþ | ċirmde |
| plural | ċirmaþ | ċirmdon |
| subjunctive | present tense | past tense |
| singular | ċirme | ċirmde |
| plural | ċirmen | ċirmden |
| imperative | ||
| singular | ċirm | |
| plural | ċirmaþ | |
| participle | present | past |
| ċirmende | (ġe)ċirmed | |
Descendants
References
- Joseph Bosworth, T. Northcote Toller (1898) “ċirman”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, second edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.