cosc

Irish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kɔsˠk/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish cosc, from Proto-Celtic *komskʷom. Cognate with Welsh cosb (“punishment; restraint”).

Noun

cosc m (genitive singular coisc, as verbal noun coiscthe)

  1. verbal noun of coisc
  2. check, restraint; prevention, prohibition
Declension

(as regular noun):

Declension of cosc (first declension, no plural)
bare forms
singular
nominative cosc
vocative a choisc
genitive coisc
dative cosc
forms with the definite article
singular
nominative an cosc
genitive an choisc
dative leis an gcosc
don chosc

(as verbal noun):

Declension of cosc (irregular, no plural)
bare forms
singular
nominative cosc
vocative a chosc
genitive coiscthe
dative cosc
forms with the definite article
singular
nominative an cosc
genitive an choiscthe
dative leis an gcosc
don chosc
Alternative forms
  • coscadh m
Derived terms
  • gan chosc (“unchecked, unrestrained”)
  • gan chosc gan cheangal (“without let or hindrance”)

Etymology 2

Verb

cosc (present analytic coscann, future analytic coscfaidh, verbal noun cosc, past participle cosctha)

  1. alternative form of coisc (“check, prevent”)
Conjugation
conjugation of cosc (first conjugation – A)
verbal noun cosc
past participle cosctha
tense singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative
present coscaim coscann tú;
coscair† 		coscann sé, sí coscaimid coscann sibh coscann siad;
coscaid† 		a choscann; a choscas /
a gcoscann* 		cosctar
past chosc mé; choscas chosc tú; choscais chosc sé, sí choscamar; chosc muid chosc sibh; choscabhair chosc siad; choscadar a chosc /
ar chosc* 		coscadh
past habitual choscainn / gcoscainn‡‡ chosctá / gcosctᇇ choscadh sé, sí / gcoscadh sé, s퇇 choscaimis; choscadh muid / gcoscaimis‡‡; gcoscadh muid‡‡ choscadh sibh / gcoscadh sibh‡‡ choscaidís; choscadh siad / gcoscaidís‡‡; gcoscadh siad‡‡ a choscadh /
a gcoscadh* 		chosctaí / gcoscta퇇
future coscfaidh mé;
coscfad 		coscfaidh tú;
coscfair† 		coscfaidh sé, sí coscfaimid;
coscfaidh muid 		coscfaidh sibh coscfaidh siad;
coscfaid† 		a choscfaidh; a choscfas /
a gcoscfaidh* 		coscfar
conditional choscfainn / gcoscfainn‡‡ choscfá / gcoscfᇇ choscfadh sé, sí / gcoscfadh sé, s퇇 choscfaimis; choscfadh muid / gcoscfaimis‡‡; gcoscfadh muid‡‡ choscfadh sibh / gcoscfadh sibh‡‡ choscfaidís; choscfadh siad / gcoscfaidís‡‡; gcoscfadh siad‡‡ a choscfadh /
a gcoscfadh* 		choscfaí / gcoscfa퇇
subjunctive
present go gcosca mé;
go gcoscad† 		go gcosca tú;
go gcoscair† 		go gcosca sé, sí go gcoscaimid;
go gcosca muid 		go gcosca sibh go gcosca siad;
go gcoscaid† 		— go gcosctar
past dá gcoscainn dá gcosctá dá gcoscadh sé, sí dá gcoscaimis;
dá gcoscadh muid 		dá gcoscadh sibh dá gcoscaidís;
dá gcoscadh siad 		— dá gcosctaí
imperative
– coscaim cosc coscadh sé, sí coscaimis coscaigí;
coscaidh† 		coscaidís — cosctar

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation

Mutated forms of cosc
radical lenition eclipsis
cosc chosc gcosc

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

Old Irish

Alternative forms

  • coscc

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *komskʷom. Cognate with Welsh cosb.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [kosk]

Noun

cosc n (genitive coisc)

  1. verbal noun of con·secha (“to correct”)
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 22c10
      Is bés trá dosom aní-siu cosc inna mban i tossug et a tabairt fo chumacte a feir, armbat irlamu de ind ḟir fo chumacte Dǽi, co·mbí íarum coscitir ind ḟir et do·airbertar fo réir Dǽ.
      This, then, is a custom of his, to correct the wives at first and to bring them under the power of their husbands, so that the husbands may be the readier under God’s power, so that afterwards the husbands are corrected and bowed down in subjection to God.
  2. wound caused by (physical) punishment

Inflection

Neuter o-stem
singular dual plural
nominative coscN — —
vocative coscN — —
accusative coscN — —
genitive coiscL — —
dative coscL — —
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Mutation

Mutation of cosc
radical lenition nasalization
cosc chosc cosc
pronounced with /ɡ-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

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